Carbonyl Emissions from Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles

Carbonyls from gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles (HDDVs) operated on chassis dynamometers were measured by use of an annular denuder-quartz filter-polyurethane foam sampler with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine derivatization and chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Two internal standards were utilized based on carbonyl recovery: 4-fluorobenzaldehyde for <C8 carbonyls and 6-fluoro-4-chromanone for =C8 compounds. Gas- and particle-phase emissions for 39 aliphatic and 20 aromatic carbonyls ranged from 0.1 to 2000 µg/L of fuel for LDVs and from 1.8 to 27 000 µg/L of fuel for HDDVs. Gas-phase species accounted for 81-95% of the total carbonyls from LDVs and 86-88% from HDDVs. Particulate carbonyls emitted from a HDDV under realistic driving conditions were similar to concentrations measured in a diesel particulate matter (PM) standard reference material. Carbonyls accounted for 19% of particulate organic carbon (POC) emissions from low-emission LDVs and 37% of POC emissions from three-way catalyst-equipped LDVs. This identifies carbonyls as one of the largest classes of compounds in LDV PM emissions. The carbonyl fraction of HDDV POC was lower, 3.3-3.9% depending upon operational conditions. Partitioning analysis indicates the carbonyls had not achieved equilibrium between the gas and particle phases under the dilution factors of 126-584 used in the present study.

• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/0013936X
• Authors:
  • JAKOBER, C A
  • ROBERT, M A
  • RIDDLE, S G
  • DESTAILLATS, H
  • CHARLES, J M
  • GREEN, P G
  • KLEEMAN, M J
• Publication Date: 2008-7-1

Language

• English

Media Info

• Pagination: 4697-4703
• Serial:
  • Environmental Science & Technology
  • Volume: 42
  • Issue Number: 13
  • Publisher: American Chemical Society
  • ISSN: 0013-936X
  • EISSN: 1520-5851
  • Serial URL: http://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Diesel engines; Environment; Equilibrium (Mechanics); Measurement; Pollutants; Variables; Vehicles
• ITRD Terms: 1314: Diesel engine; 2442: Emission; 2455: Environment; 7145: Equilibrium; 6136: Measurement; 9086: Variability; 1255: Vehicle
• Subject Areas: Energy; Environment; Vehicles and Equipment; I15: Environment;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01111837
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Transport Research Laboratory
• Files: ITRD
• Created Date: Sep 30 2008 10:02AM