EMISSION RATES OF PARTICULATE MATTER AND ELEMENTAL AND ORGANIC CARBON FROM IN-USE DIESEL ENGINES

Elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and particulate matter (PM) emission rates are reported for a number of heavy heavy-duty diesel trucks (HHDDTs) and back-up generators (BUGs) operating under real-world conditions. Emission rates were determined using a unique mobile emissions laboratory (MEL) equipped with a total capture full-scale dilution tunnel connected directly to the diesel engine via a snorkel. This paper shows that PM, EC, and OC emission rates are strongly dependent on the mode of vehicle operation; highway, arterial, congested, and idling conditions were simulated by following the speed trace from the California Air Resources Board HHDDT cycle. Emission rates for BUGs are reported as a function of engine load at constant speed using the ISO 8178B Cycle D2. The EC, OC, and PM emission rates were determined to be highly variable for the HHDDTs. It was determined that the per mile emission rate of OC from a HHDDT in congested traffic is 8.1 times higher than that of an HHDDT in cruise or highway speed conditions and 1.9 times higher for EC. EC/OC ratios for BUGs (which generally operate at steady states) and HHDDTs show marked differences, indicating that the transient nature of engine operation dictates the EC/OC ratio. Overall, this research shows that the EC/OC ratio varies widely for diesel engines in trucks and BUGs and depends strongly on the operating cycle. The findings reported here have significant implications in the application of chemical mass balance modelling, diesel risk assessment, and control strategies such as the Diesel Risk Reduction Program. (A)

• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/0013936X
• Corporate Authors:

  American Chemical Society

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  Washington, DC  United States  20036
• Authors:
  • SHAH, S D
  • COCKER III, D R
  • MILLER, J W
  • NORBECK, J M
• Publication Date: 2004-5-1

Language

• English

Media Info

• Features: References;
• Pagination: p. 2544-50
• Serial:
  • Environmental Science & Technology
  • Volume: 38
  • Issue Number: 9
  • Publisher: American Chemical Society
  • ISSN: 0013-936X
  • EISSN: 1520-5851
  • Serial URL: http://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Carbon; Diesel engines; Organic compounds; Particles; Pollutants; Risk assessment; Speed; Traffic congestion; Traffic flow
• ITRD Terms: 7158: Carbon; 632: Congestion (traffic); 1314: Diesel engine; 2442: Emission; 7366: Organic; 4511: Particle; 9129: Risk assessment; 5408: Speed; 671: Traffic flow
• Subject Areas: Environment; Operations and Traffic Management; Safety and Human Factors;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00976881
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Transport Research Laboratory
• Files: ITRD
• Created Date: Aug 4 2004 12:00AM