PHASING OUT LEAD IN AUTOMOTIVE FUELS: CONVERSION CONSIDERATIONS, POLICY FORMULATION, AND APPLICATION TO LEBANON

That lead has serious public health concerns is widely accepted, and many countries of the world have taken steps to completely eliminate it from automotive fuels. This paper reviews the international experience with phasing out leaded gasoline; considerations affecting adoption of unleaded fuel are identified, and difficulties underlying change are synthesized. Factors relating to technology, supply availability, distribution channels, economics, and social equity are underlined. International experience is distilled into a set of desirable characteristics of policies for phasing out leaded fuel. The case of Lebanon is considered in structuring a practical strategy for phasing out leaded fuel. Positive and negative factors likely to affect the success of lead phaseout strategies are identified. A recommended plan for leaded fuel phaseout is developed.

Record URL:
Availability:
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Corporate Authors:
Elsevier

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Kidlington, Oxford United Kingdom OX5 1GB
Authors:
- Kaysi, I
- Mahmassani, H
- Arnaout, S
- Kattan, L
Publication Date: 2000-11

Language

English

Media Info

Features: Figures; References; Tables;
Pagination: p. 403-418
Serial:
- Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
- Volume: 5
- Issue Number: 6
- Publisher: Elsevier
- ISSN: 1361-9209
- Serial URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13619209

Subject/Index Terms

TRT Terms: Air pollution; Environmental impacts; Health hazards; Highway transportation; Lead (Metal); Leaded gasoline; Motor fuels; Motor vehicles; Pollutants; Transportation policy
Geographic Terms: Lebanon
Subject Areas: Environment; Highways; Policy;

Filing Info

Accession Number: 00800340
Record Type: Publication
Files: TRIS
Created Date: Oct 6 2000 12:00AM