DEVELOPMENTS IN IMMERSED TUNNELLING IN HOLLAND

Holland has 22 immersed tunnels (14 road, 5 rail and 3 utilities tunnels). Another three are under construction, and more are foreseen. The tunnels are of the concrete type, ie constructed without a steel shell. The paper describes developments in technology and in design philosophy since the first immersed tunnel was completed 52 years ago. These developments include, amongst others: the introduction of the Gina rubber gasket between elements; the division of elements into sections divided by flexible joints; the application (if possible) of longer elements (up to 268 m); the use of precast sections for tunnels that have a small cross-section; the omission of the watertight lining (made possible by cooling the concrete of the walls during the first days after pouring); various foundation methods (eg sand flow instead of sandjet system; piled foundations when necessary); the use of the excavation for the open ramps (or the part of the tunnel built on land) as a casting basin for the elements; the changed approach to casting basins now that well pumping is usually forbidden; and the transport of the elements across shallow locations and across the sea. It is emphasized that the current state of immersed tunnel technology is the result of a continuous international exchange of ideas and experiences. (A)

• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/08867798
• Corporate Authors:

  Elsevier

  The Boulevard, Langford Lane
  Kidlington, Oxford  United Kingdom  OX5 1GB
• Authors:
  • GLERUM, A
• Publication Date: 1995-10

Language

• English

Media Info

• Features: References;
• Pagination: p. 455-62
• Serial:
  • Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
  • Volume: 10
  • Issue Number: 4
  • Publisher: Elsevier
  • ISSN: 0886-7798
  • Serial URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/tunnelling-and-underground-space-technology

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Concrete; Construction management; Design; Excavation; Excavations; Tunnel lining; Tunnels; Underwater construction; Underwater structures; Waterproofing
• Geographic Terms: Netherlands
• ITRD Terms: 4755: Concrete; 3666: Construction method; 9011: Design (overall design); 5155: Excavation (process); 8078: Netherlands; 3374: Tunnel; 3385: Tunnel lining; 3626: Underwater; 3375: Waterproofing
• Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Construction; Design;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00715883
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Transport Research Laboratory
• Files: ITRD
• Created Date: Jan 31 1996 12:00AM