GROUND FREEZING: THE FIRST OPTION

A variety of projects are described in which the technique of ground freezing has been used. Used for over a hundred years, it is a reliable and well-proved means of excluding ground water and/or stabilising subsurface excavations. It is expensive however and often chosen only when a project runs into difficulties. Refrigeration is provided either by liquid nitrogen or by an ammonia/brine system. Freezing was used under the river medway in Kent when an unexpected water-charged fissure was encountered and in strathclyde when running sands and silts were found. The problem of decomposed granite in the du toitskloof tunnel in South Africa was overcome by freezing. Both ammonia and liquid nitrogen were used in tunnels near the Manchester ship canal at runcorn. A directional technique in a Yorkshire coalmine economised on the amount of freezing required. Brief details are given of the methods used and the usefulness of the technique in awkward situations stressed. (TRRL)

• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/09568700
• Corporate Authors:

  Mining Journal Limited

  60 Worship Street
  London EC2A 2HD,   England 

  PHILIPP HOLZMANN AG

  60 WORSHIP STREET
  London,   United Kingdom 
• Authors:
  • Harvey, S
• Publication Date: 1988-12

Language

• English

Media Info

• Pagination: p. 32732-8
• Serial:
  • WORLD TUNNELLING AND SUBSURFACE EXCAVATION
  • Volume: 1
  • Issue Number: 4
  • Publisher: THE MINING JOURNAL LTD
  • ISSN: 0956-8700

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Construction management; Freezing; Granite; Groundwater; Sand; Silts; Soil stabilization; Tunnels
• Geographic Terms: South Africa; United Kingdom
• ITRD Terms: 3666: Construction method; 3601: Freezing (method); 4101: Granite; 4383: Ground water; 4105: Sand; 4149: Silt; 3689: Soil stabilization; 8103: South Africa; 3374: Tunnel; 8119: United Kingdom
• Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Construction; Geotechnology;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00499381
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL)
• Files: ITRD, TRIS
• Created Date: Sep 30 1990 12:00AM