EFFECT OF SALTS ON EROSION RATE OF UNSATURATED COMPACTED MONTMORILLONITE CLAYS
Erosion rates of unsaturated compacted calcium montmorillonite and sodium montmorillonite clays were measured under a range of tractive shear stresses in a rectangular flume. The calcium montmorillonite was treated with calcium chloride and sodium carbonate to obtain samples with different chemical composition. Samples were compacted at nearly optimum water content under 700 Pa into sample containers with 160-sq cm surface area and subjected to flowing water in the flume. The tractive stress on the bottom of the flume was determined by measuring the velocity distribution of the flow and using the Prandtl-von Karman equation. The tractive stress ranged from 1.67 to 12.9 Pa. The erosion rate of naturally occurring calcium montmorillonite was two orders of magnitude higher than that of sodium montmorillonite. When calcium montmorillonite was treated with 0.88 percent by dry weight sodium carbonate, the erosion rate was reduced to the same order as that of sodium montmorillonite. Addition of calcium chloride had no appreciable influence on the erosion rate of calcium montmorillonite. Empirical equations have been developed to estimate the erosion rate of compacted unsaturated montmorillonite clay as a function of sodium adsorption ratio and tractive stress.
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Supplemental Notes:
- Publication of this paper sponsored by Committee on Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Water Quality. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
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Authors:
- Shaikh, Alaeddin
- Ruff, James F
- Abt, Steven R
- Publication Date: 1987
Media Info
- Media Type: Print
- Features: Figures; Photos; References; Tables;
- Pagination: pp 32-38
- Monograph Title: Hydraulic erosion
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Serial:
- Transportation Research Record
- Issue Number: 1151
- Publisher: Transportation Research Board
- ISSN: 0361-1981
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Adsorption; Calcium chloride; Compacted clays; Equations; Erosion; Estimating; Flumes; Montmorillonite; Rates; Shear stress; Sodium carbonate; Testing; Tractive forces; Unsaturated soils
- Subject Areas: Highways; Hydraulics and Hydrology; I26: Water Run-off - Freeze-thaw;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 00476078
- Record Type: Publication
- ISBN: 0309046556
- Files: TRIS, TRB
- Created Date: Sep 30 1988 12:00AM