A Total Cost of Ownership Model for Hybrid, Electric Semi-Automated, and Automated Vehicles: A Case Study for France

Technological advances in automobile industry have led to vehicle fuel, engine and navigation changes which in turn are expected to remake the transportation planning process. The market penetration of these innovative technologies depends on their cost and the provision of adequate incentives to benefit consumers. A Total Cost of Ownership model (TCO) is built which integrates eight cost parameters representing direct and indirect vehicle costs. The model is used to assess three vehicle technologies, including a hybrid and an electric vehicle, and an automated electric vehicle for three levels of automation (i.e., Level 3, 4 and 5), using data for France. A sensitivity analysis for different types of travelers based on their work characteristics is performed to explore those travelers for which benefits are maximized. In-vehicle time is clearly a new parameter incorporated into the assessment of vehicle technologies which significantly affects results. The high TCO value of the Level 3 vehicle and the Level 4 vehicle which is driven in an operational design domain for up to 50% of its time, suggest that the hybrid and electric vehicles remain the best option in the short term; whereas, Level 5 automated vehicles succeed to minimize time cost during their lifetime. The findings expect to aspire relevant decision making for the advancement of clean and innovative transportation systems.

• Record URL:
  https://annualmeeting.mytrb.org/OnlineProgram/Details/17425
• Supplemental Notes:
  • This paper was sponsored by TRB committee AMS40 Standing Committee on Alternative Fuels and Technologies.
• Authors:
  • Mitropoulos, Lambros
  • Kouretas, Konstantinos
  • Kepaptsoglou, Konstantinos
  • Vlahogianni, Eleni
• Conference:
  • Transportation Research Board 101st Annual Meeting
  • Location: Washington DC, United States
  • Date: 2022-1-9 to 2022-1-13
• Date: 2022

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Digital/other
• Features: Figures; References; Tables;
• Pagination: 18p

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Automobile ownership; Autonomous vehicles; Costs; Electric vehicles; Hybrid vehicles; Mathematical models; Operating costs; Purchasing
• Geographic Terms: France
• Subject Areas: Energy; Finance; Highways; Vehicles and Equipment;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01857850
• Record Type: Publication
• Report/Paper Numbers: TRBAM-22-00189
• Files: TRIS, TRB, ATRI
• Created Date: Sep 16 2022 8:40AM