Sampling Approaches for Road Vehicle Fuel Consumption Monitoring
EU Regulations introduced in 2019 for light- and heavy- duty vehicles contain provisions requiring the European Commission to set up a mechanism to monitor the real-world representativeness of the fuel consumption determined during the type-approval tests. This study proposes a sampling based approach to collect these data. Two probability-sampling methods (simple random sampling and stratified sampling) and one non-probability sampling method (quota sampling) are discussed. The authors use data from three user-based datasets (IFPEN, Travelcard and Spritmonitor) and the 2018 European Environment Agency CO₂ monitoring dataset. All three user-based datasets provide fairly good representations of their respective countries’ sub-fleets and to a lesser extent the whole fleet. The standard deviation of the fuel consumption gap was consistently found to be approximately 20%. For a population of 15 million vehicles, using simple random sampling, and the standard deviation of the fuel consumption set at 20%, a sample of fewer than 3000 vehicles is required for estimating the average gap with a confidence level of 99% and sampling error less than 1%. Multivariate stratification with three stratification variables (vehicle manufacturer, fuel type and engine rated power) was the optimal combination, reducing the sample size by around 28% compared to simple random sample. Requiring strata specific estimators resulted to an increase of the sample size, as the number of stratification variables increased. Non-sampling errors, such as inaccuracy of On-Board Fuel and/or energy Consumption Monitor (OBFCM) device measurements, are expected to lead to an increase of the required sample size by at least 20%. Samples using quota sampling were taken and had a sampling error less than 3.5%.
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9789276239864
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Supplemental Notes:
- © European Union, 2021. Publication date on the EU website is 2021-08-11.
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Corporate Authors:
Joint Research Centre (European Commission)
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Authors:
- Ktistakis, Markos Alexandros
- Pavlovic, Jelica
- Fontaras, Georgios
- Publication Date: 2021
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Digital/other
- Features: Appendices; Figures; References; Tables;
- Pagination: 59p
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Fuel consumption; Heavy duty vehicles; Light vehicles; Monitoring; Regulations; Statistical sampling
- Identifier Terms: European Union
- Subject Areas: Energy; Highways; Law; Vehicles and Equipment;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01786073
- Record Type: Publication
- ISBN: 9789276239864
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Oct 26 2021 2:25PM