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https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27432/critical-issues-in-transportation-for-2024-and-beyond

Transit Impacts on Jobs, People and Real Estate Volume 2 Impact on Job Location Over Time with Respect to Transit Station Proximity Considering Economic Groups by Transit Mode and Place Typology with Implications for Transit and Land Use Planning

Three sets of themes emerge from analysis reported in Volume 2. First, although conventional wisdom would have it the High MA (mixed-use/accessible) Places would be more robust in attracting jobs over time than other Place Types, this is not true as the research shows, surprisingly. The authors find that transit systems vary substantially in their attractiveness to jobs with respect to Place Typology. Commuter rail transit (CRT) performs best in the Moderate MA (mixed-use/accessibility) Place Type than others. Street car transit (SCT) does better among the Moderate and High Place Types. Bus rapid transit (BRT) performed best at the Moderate MA Place Type. Light rail transit (LRT) did best in the Moderate and Low Place Types. Second, while one would assume that higher wage jobs might be attracted more so to transit stations than middle or lower wage jobs, this is not the case given considerable variation both by transit mode and Place Typology. Analysis reveals important contextual differences for each transit mode. CRT’s performance at the lower levels (Low and Poor Place Types) of land use mix and accessibility shows its utility to the suburban commuter. LRT’s highest performance in the middle ranges of the mix and accessibility continuum (Moderate and Low MA) may be due to the size and capacity of this mode. BRT did very well at all levels, showing exceptional adaptability to the land use context. BRT was the best-performing at the Poor MA Place Type. SCT clearly demonstrates its urban configuration, being the most successful at High MA places or urban core level. Third, a new approach to measuring jobs-housing balance may be more informative for planning and policy than conventional measures—namely what the authors call the Employment-Worker Balance (EWB) metric. A more accessible workplace translates to a more productive and resilient workforce through potential improvements in work-life balance and overall cost of living, which in turn benefits the firm through higher output. Low EWB scores near transit stations reveal low-hanging fruit for planners who wish to increase economic and housing resiliency. The EWB metric is consistent with economic development theory whereby regions in which workers have greater transit oriented development (TOD)-driven access to firms also provide a more business-friendly environment with increased situs via a more accessible, active workforce. When appropriate housing is provided for workers of all sectors of the economy, greater economic diversification is possible. Targeted solutions are needed to increase EWB. Transit planning and land use implications related to each of these three theme areas are offered.

Language

  • English

Media Info

  • Media Type: Digital/other
  • Edition: Final Report
  • Features: Figures; Maps; References; Tables;
  • Pagination: 118p

Subject/Index Terms

Filing Info

  • Accession Number: 01778842
  • Record Type: Publication
  • Report/Paper Numbers: NITC-RR-1253
  • Contract Numbers: NITC-UA-1253
  • Files: UTC, TRIS, ATRI, USDOT, STATEDOT
  • Created Date: Aug 9 2021 9:44AM