Comparative Manufacturing and Ownership Cost Estimates for Secondary Loop Mobile Air Conditioning Systems (SL-MACs)
This paper quantifies and compares the cooling performance and refrigerant and fuel cost savings to automobile manufacturers and owners of secondary-loop mobile air conditioners (SL-MACs) using refrigerants hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-134a and the available alternatives HFC-152a and HFO-1234yf. HFC-152a and HFO-1234yf are approved for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and satisfy the requirements of the European Union (EU) F-Gas Regulations. HFC-152a is inherently more energy efficient than HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf and in SL-MAC systems can generate cooling during deceleration, prolong comfort during idle stop (stop/start), and allow powered cooling at times when the engine can supply additional power with the lowest incremental fuel use. SL-MAC systems can also reduce the refrigerant charge, emissions, and service costs of HFO-1234yf. The paper is informed by previous studies of secondary loop systems and an ongoing demonstration of SL-MACs designed for India where there are long hot and humid cooling seasons, relatively expensive fuel, and highly congested driving as well as uncrowded open-road driving. That demonstration determines a baseline for the cooling performance and energy efficiency of HFC-134a and tests the same parameters for HFO-1234yf and HFC-152a. The paper includes a detailed analysis of the life cycle environmental impacts of secondary loop versus direct expansion systems and a comparison of the eligible refrigerants, as well as a description of some of the most important international regulations affecting mobile air conditioning refrigerant choices.
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/01487191
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Supplemental Notes:
- Abstract reprinted with permission of SAE International.
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Authors:
- Andersen, Stephen
- Chowdhury, Sourav
- Craig, Timothy
- Kapoor, Sangeet
- Meena, Jagvendra
- Nagarhalli, Prasanna
- Soffer, Melinda
- Leitzel, Lindsey
- Baker, James
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Conference:
- WCX™ 17: SAE World Congress Experience
- Location: Detroit Michigan, United States
- Date: 2017-4-4 to 2017-4-6
- Publication Date: 2017-3-28
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Web
- Features: Figures; References;
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Serial:
- SAE Technical Paper
- Publisher: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
- ISSN: 0148-7191
- EISSN: 2688-3627
- Serial URL: http://papers.sae.org/
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Air conditioning systems; Cost estimating; Environmental impacts; Hydrocarbons; Loops (Control systems); Pollutants; Refrigerants
- Identifier Terms: European Union
- Geographic Terms: United States
- Subject Areas: Environment; Highways; Vehicles and Equipment;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01642934
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: SAE International
- Report/Paper Numbers: 2017-01-0173
- Files: TRIS, SAE
- Created Date: Mar 30 2017 9:42AM