The impact of immediate or delayed feedback on driving behaviour in a simulated Pay-As-You-Drive system

Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) insurance links an individual’s driving behavior to the insurance fee that they pay, making car insurance more actuarially accurate. The best known PAYD insurance format is purely mileage based and is estimated to reduce accidents by about 15% (Litman, 2011). However, these benefits could be further enhanced by incorporating a wider range of driving behaviors, such as lateral and longitudinal accelerations and speeding behavior, thereby stimulating not only a safe but also an eco-friendly driving style. Currently, feedback on rewards and driver behavior is mostly provided through a web-based interface, which is presented temporally separated from driving. However, providing immediate feedback within the vehicle itself could elicit more effect. To investigate this hypothesis, two groups of 20 participants drove with a behavioral based PAYD system in a driving simulator and were provided with either delayed feedback through a website, or immediate feedback through an in-car interface, allowing them to earn up to €6 extra. To be clear, every participant in the web group did actually view their feedback during the one week between sessions. Results indicate clear driving behavior improvements for both PAYD groups as compared to baseline rides and an equal sized control group. After both PAYD groups had received feedback, the initial advantage of the in-car group was reduced substantially. Taken together with usability ratings and driving behaviors in specific situations these results show a moderate advantage of using immediate in-car feedback. However, the study also showed that under conditions of feedback certainty, the effectiveness of delayed feedback approaches that of immediate feedback as compared to a naïve control group.

• Record URL:
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.11.017
• Record URL:
  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457514003728
• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/00014575
• Supplemental Notes:
  • Abstract reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
• Authors:
  • Dijksterhuis, Chris
  • Lewis-Evans, Ben
  • Jelijs, Bart
  • de Waard, Dick
  • Brookhuis, Karel
  • Tucha, Oliver
• Publication Date: 2015-2

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Digital/other
• Features: Figures; References; Tables;
• Pagination: pp 93-104
• Serial:
  • Accident Analysis & Prevention
  • Volume: 75
  • Issue Number: 0
  • Publisher: Elsevier
  • ISSN: 0001-4575
  • Serial URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00014575

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Behavior; Drivers; Ecodriving; Highway safety; Insurance; Payment; Simulation
• Subject Areas: Highways; Safety and Human Factors; I83: Accidents and the Human Factor;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01554986
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Feb 26 2015 10:02AM