DRIVERS' EYE MOVEMENTS: AN APPARATUS AND CALIBRATION

A DESCRIPTION IS GIVEN OF A PORTABLE EYE-MARKER CAMERA AND A SPECIALLY DESIGNED STABLIZATION UNIT THAT MAY BE USED TO RECORD DRIVERS' EYE MOVEMENTS. A PILOT STUDY WAS CONDUCTED THAT SHOWED THAT DRIVERS' EYE MOVEMENTS ARE CLOSER IN TOWARD THE VEHICLE UNDER NIGHT DRIVING THAN DAY DRIVING. THE PILOT STUDY ALSO POINTED TO THE NEED TO EXAMINE THE CALIBRATION ACCURACY OF THE SYSTEM. IN PHASE 1 OF THE CALIBRATION EXPERIMENT, SEVEN DRIVERS SERVED IN A 2 X 2 X 2 WITHIN- SUBJECTS DESIGN. THE THREE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES WERE HEAD MOVEMENTS (CALIBRATION BEFORE VS CALIBRATION AFTER), DISTANCE (30 VS 60FT.) AND SESSIONS (DAY 1 VS DAY 2). SESSIONS WERE INVESTIGATED TO SEE IF SUBJECTS CAN BE CALIBRATED WITH THE SAME ACCURACY ON DIFFERENT DAYS. IN PHASE 11 OF THE EXPERIMENT, CALIBRATION ACCURACY WAS MEASURED BEFORE AND AFTER THE SUBJECTS DROVE AN AUTOMOBILE. CALIBRATION ACCURACY WAS MEASURED BY HAVING THE DRIVERS TRACE A MATRIX OF TARGETS THAT COVERED THE FIELD OF VIEW OF THE CAMERA. ERROR WAS DEFINED AS THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE TARGET TO THE CENTER OF THE EYESPOT. ANALYSES OF VARIANCE SHOWED THAT HEAD MOVEMENTS, DISTANCE, AND SESSIONS HAD NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON CALIBRATION ACCURACY. THE EFFECT OF DRIVING ON CALIBRATION ACCURACY WAS SMALL. THE AVERAGE CALIBRATION ERROR FOR ALL SUBJECTS UNDER ALL CONDITIONS WAS 1 DEGREE. POTENTIAL USES OF THE EYE-MARKER CAMERA IN DRIVING RESEARCH ARE DISCUSSED. /AUTHOR/

• Record URL:
  http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/hrr/1968/247/247-003.pdf
• Supplemental Notes:
  • Paper sponsored by Committee on Road User Characteristics and presented at the 47th Annual Meeting. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
• Authors:
  • Rockwell, Thomas H
  • OVERBY, C
  • Mourant, Ronald R
• Publication Date: 1968

Media Info

• Media Type: Print
• Features: Figures; References; Tables;
• Pagination: pp 29-41
• Monograph Title: Road user characteristics
• Serial:
  • Highway Research Record
  • Issue Number: 247
  • Publisher: Highway Research Board

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Calibration; Days; Distance; Drivers; Eye; Motion; Night; Recording
• Subject Areas: Highways; Safety and Human Factors;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00222949
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS, TRB
• Created Date: Jan 8 1994 12:00AM