Measuring and Controlling Subway Fare Evasion: Improving Safety and Security at New York City Transit Authority

New York City Transit (NYCT) has a comprehensive framework for assessing, managing, and combating subway fare evasion. The automated fare collection system, implemented between 1994 and 1997, features lessons learned from field trials of prototypes specifically designed to limit fare abuse. Subway crime has decreased 68% since 2000, and the annual average subway evasion rate remains low at approximately 1.3%. Today, the transit authority measures fare evasion with independent silent observers who use stratified random sampling techniques and classify passenger entries into 19 categories. Evasion rates peak at 3 p.m., when students are dismissed, but otherwise hover around 0.9% at peak and 1.9% at off-peak hours. Busy times and locations have higher evasions per hour but lower evasions per passenger. More evasions occur in lower-income neighborhoods. Staff presence apparently does not reduce evasions. Results are released to the press on request, which promotes transparency and accountability. As an evasion deterrent, NYCT increased fines from $60 to $100 in 2008. Police issued 68,000 summonses and made 19,000 evasion arrests in 2009. Arrests are a more effective deterrent than summonses; the proportion of arrests versus summonses increased in 2010. Video monitoring equipment is used to identify and apprehend chronic fare abusers, particularly swipers who sell subway entries by abusing unlimited fare media.

• Record URL:
  https://doi.org/10.3141/2216-10
• Summary URL:
  http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Measuring+and+Controlling+Subway+Fare+Evasion%3a+Improving+Safety+and+Security+at+New+York+City+Transit+Authority&author=A.+Reddy&author=J.+Kuhls&author=A.+Lu&publication_year=2011
• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/166626.aspx
• Authors:
  • Reddy, Alla V
  • Kuhls, Jacqueline A
  • Lu, Alex
• Publication Date: 2011

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Print
• Features: Figures; Photos; References;
• Pagination: pp 85-99
• Monograph Title: Transit 2011, Volume 1
• Serial:
  • Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
  • Issue Number: 2216
  • Publisher: Transportation Research Board
  • ISSN: 0361-1981

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Automatic fare collection; Monitoring; Peak hour traffic; Public transit; Safety and security; Subways; Video cameras
• Candidate Terms: Fare evasion
• Identifier Terms: New York City Transit Authority
• Geographic Terms: New York (New York)
• Subject Areas: Planning and Forecasting; Public Transportation; I72: Traffic and Transport Planning;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01332949
• Record Type: Publication
• ISBN: 9780309167659
• Report/Paper Numbers: 11-2016
• Files: TRIS, TRB, ATRI
• Created Date: Mar 21 2011 2:13PM