THE EMERGENCE OF RHEOLOGY

A HISTORICAL REVIEW IS PRESENTED OF RHEOLOGY--A BRANCH OF MECHANICS--WHICH IS THE STUDY OF THOSE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS WHICH DETERMINE THEIR RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL FORCE. THE MATERIAL PROPERTY THAT DETERMINES THE RESPONSE OF A BODY SUBJECTED TO FORCE IS USUALLY EXPRESSED MATHEMATICALLY IN TERMS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE STRESS ON THE DEFORMATION. THERE ARE THREE CLASSICAL MODELS: (1) THE HOOKEAN (OR LINEAR ELASTIC) SOLID CHARACTERIZED BY A STRESS THAT IS A LINEAR FUNCTION OF THE STRAIN, (2) THE PERFECT (OR INVISCID) FLUID CHARACTERIZED BY A STRESS THAT IS ALWAYS ISOTROPIC, AND (3) THE NEWTONIAN (OR LINEAR VISCOUS) FLUID CHARACTERIZED BY A STRESS THAT IS ISOTROPIC WHEN THE FLUID IS AT REST BUT WHICH IS A LINEAR FUNCTION OF THE RATE OF DEFORMATION WHEN IT IS BEING DEFORMED. THE MAIN DEVELOPMENTS TRACED ARE THE EXPERIMENTS ON THE CREEP AND RELATED TIME- DEPENDENT PHENOMENA IN SOLIDS AND FLUIDS AND THE NONLINEAR RELATION BETWEEN APPLIED DRIVING PRESSURE AND RATE OF FLOW THROUGH SMALL TUBES. CONTRIBUTIONS OF HOOKE, NEWTON, THOMAS YOUNG AND MAXWELL ARE SPECIFICALLY EMPHASIZED IN THE DELINEATION OF THE HISTORY.

• Supplemental Notes:
  • Vol 21, No 4, PP 23-30, 9 FIG
• Corporate Authors:

  Physics Today

  ,    
• Authors:
  • Markovitz, H
• Publication Date: 1968-4

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Creep; Deformation; Flow; Fluid dynamics; Force; History; Materials; Mathematical analysis; Reviews; Rheology; Stresses
• Uncontrolled Terms: Fluid flow
• Old TRIS Terms: Hookes law
• Subject Areas: Geotechnology; Highways; History; Materials;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00216402
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Jul 8 1994 12:00AM