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https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27432/critical-issues-in-transportation-for-2024-and-beyond

SOME NOTES ON COLD-WEATHER CONCRETE

IN WINTERTIME THE PRIMARY CONCERN OF THE CONCRETE CONTRACTOR IS TO BE SURE HIS CONCRETE IS PLACED AND KEPT AT A TEMPERATURE HIGH ENOUGH FOR NORMAL STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT. THE EASIEST AND MOST ECONOMICAL WAY OF RAISING THE TEMPERATURE OF A CONCRETE MIX IS BY HEATING THE MIXING WATER. HOT WATER MUST NEVER COME INTO CONTACT WITH THE CEMENT ALONE. WHEN MIXING WATER IS HEATED, IT IS IMPORTANT TO AVOID FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE FROM BATCH TO BATCH. THIS MEANS THAT THE BOILER, ITS CONTROLS, AND THE FEED AND STORAGE CAPACITY MUST BE ADEQUATE TO ASSURE A WATER SUPPLY OF A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE. STEAM IS THE USUAL AND MOST EFFICIENT SOURCE OF HEAT. IT CAN BE FED DIRECTLY INTO A STORAGE TANK CONTAINING THE MIXING WATER. THE PREFERRED METHOD IS TO PASS THE STEAM THROUGH HEAT-EXCHANGER COILS WITHIN THE STORAGE TANK. AGGREGATE SHOULD NOT BE HEATED ABOVE ABOUT 125 DEGREES F. HIGHER TEMPERATURES CAN INTRODUCE SERIOUS PROBLEMS: BECAUSE THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AGGREGATE MAY BE AFFECTED, AND BECAUSE OVERDRYING CAN LEAD TO ABSORPTION THAT WILL AFFECT THE MIX DESIGN. CONCRETE SHOULD BE AIR-ENTRAINED. ACCELERATED STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT CAN BE OBTAINED BY USING HIGH EARLY STRENGTH CEMENT, ADDITIONAL CEMENT OR ACCELERATING ADMIXTURES.

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  • Supplemental Notes:
    • Vol 12, No 10, PP 381-382, 1 FIG, 4 PHOT
  • Publication Date: 1967-10

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  • Accession Number: 00212558
  • Record Type: Publication
  • Files: TRIS
  • Created Date: Mar 22 1994 12:00AM