SEAT BELT PRETENSIONERS TO AVOID THE RISK OF SUBMARINING - A STUDY OF LAP-BELT SLIPPAGE FACTORS
This study investigates the effects of different design factors on submarining using sled tests and mathematical simulations. The study is focused on the following three factors: (1) the position of the pillar loop (the D-ring); (2) the leg (foot) position; and (3) belt slack. The results of the study show that: (i) occupants are more likely to submarine, if the upper belt anchorage is far behind their shoulder (as in a rear seat or in a front seat in a two-door car); (ii) the closer to the seat the occupant's feet are placed, the more likely submarining is to occur; (iii) belt slack increases the risk of submarining; and (iv) a pretensioner that operates on the buckle, significantly reduces the risk of submarining. It is also shown that the angle between the lap-belt and the pelvis, measured when the belt force has peaked and dropped to 3 kN, can predict the risk of submarining well. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 864606.
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Corporate Authors:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC United States 20590 -
Authors:
- HAALAND, Y
- NILSON, G
- Conference:
- Publication Date: 1993-7
Language
- English
Media Info
- Features: References;
- Pagination: p. 1060-1068
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Abdomen; Anthropometry; Biophysics; Conferences; Crash tests; Design; Dummies; Hip; Injuries; Manual safety belts; Mathematical models; Pretensioning; Seats; Simulation
- ITRD Terms: 2035: Abdomen; 1618: Anthropometric dummy; 2060: Biomechanics; 8525: Conference; 9011: Design (overall design); 2003: Hip (human); 1648: Impact test (crash); 2163: Injury; 6473: Mathematical model; 4798: Pretensioning; 1476: Safety belt; 1388: Seat (veh); 9103: Simulation
- Subject Areas: Design; Research; Safety and Human Factors;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 00665023
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: Institute for Road Safety Research, SWOV
- Files: ITRD, USDOT
- Created Date: Sep 9 1994 12:00AM