EXHAUST FUMES IN VEHICLES AND STREET ENVIRONMENT. EXPOSURE AND MEASURES
BILAVGASER I FORDON OCH GATUMILJOE. EXPOSITIONSLAEGE OCH AATGAERDSUNDERLAG
Comparative measurements of exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene and other hydrocarbons were carried out in various traffic environments. Car exhausts dominate air pollution and give characteristic patterns of analysis of different hydrocarbons. Exhaust concentrations inside cars are considerably higher than at roadsides. The concentrations rise with shorter gaps. Increased vehicle gaps in car queues at e.g. traffic signals will lower the concentrations. The exposure to exhausts in buses and trams is less than half of the exposure in taxis but considerable compared to other urban environments. Buses, and especially articulated buses show rises in concentrations of diesel hydrocarbon from their own exhausts. At pedestrian crossings the exhaust exposure could be halved by introduction of zones for vehicle spacing of 20-30 M before traffic signals. Prohibition of car traffic 50-100 M from a traffic environment exposed to exhaust will lower the concentrations to 10%. Considerable reductions of exposure would therefore be obtained by a systematic separation of car traffic from work places, bus stops, cycle tracks, footways, child nurseries, schools and residents. Individuals could also lower their exposure by avoiding car traffic and driving in urban areas. (TRRL)
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Corporate Authors:
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Department of Applied Mechanics/CHARMEC
Gothenburg, Sweden -
Authors:
- PETERSSON, G
- Publication Date: 1979-10
Language
- Swedish
Media Info
- Features: Figures; References; Tables;
- Pagination: 23 p.
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Air pollution; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Automobiles; Benzene; Buses; Concentration (Chemistry); Crash exposure; Environment; Exhaust gases; Hydrocarbons; Measurement; Pedestrian safety; Roadside; Toluene; Traffic; Traffic flow; Trolley cars; Urban areas; Vehicle compartments; Vehicle interiors; Vehicle spacing
- Uncontrolled Terms: Concentration; Exposure; Interior; Outside; Traffic segregation
- ITRD Terms: 7358: Aromatic compounds; 1272: Bus; 1243: Car; 1394: Catalytic converter; 7132: Concentration (chem); 2442: Emission; 2455: Environment; 7367: Hydrocarbon; 1377: Interior (veh); 6136: Measurement; 9058: Outside; 350: Segregation (traffic, pedestrians); 755: Traffic; 1284: Tram; 313: Urban area; 694: Vehicle spacing
- Subject Areas: Highways; Operations and Traffic Management; Public Transportation; Safety and Human Factors; Vehicles and Equipment;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 00311251
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)
- Report/Paper Numbers: Monograph
- Files: ITRD, TRIS
- Created Date: Jun 26 1981 12:00AM