Shipping Emissions in Ports

Shipping emissions in ports are substantial, accounting for 18 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions, 0.4 million tonnes of NOx, 0.2 million of SOx and 0.03 million tonnes of PM10 in 2011. Around 85% of emissions come from containerships and tankers. Containerships have short port stays, but high emissions during these stays. Most of CO₂ emissions in ports from shipping are in Asia and Europe (58%), but this share is low compared to their share of port calls (70%). European ports have much less emissions of SOx (5%) and PM (7%) than their share of port calls (22%), which can be explained by the EU regulation to use low sulphur fuels at berth. The ports with the largest absolute emission levels due to shipping are Singapore, Hong Kong (China), Tianjin (China) and Port Klang (Malaysia). The distribution of shipping emissions in ports is skewed: the ten ports with largest emissions represent 19% of total CO₂ emissions in ports and 22% of SOx emissions. The port with the lowest relative CO₂ emissions (emissions per ship call) is Kitakyushu (Japan); the port of Kyllini (Greece) has the lowest SOx emissions. Other ports with low relative emissions come from Japan, Greece, UK, US and Sweden. Shipping emissions have considerable external costs in ports: almost EUR 12 billion per year in the 50 largest ports in the OECD for NOx, SOx and PM emissions. Approximately 230 million people are directly exposed to the emissions in the top 100 world ports in terms of shipping emissions. Most shipping emissions in ports (CH₄, CO, CO₂ and NOx) will grow fourfold up to 2050. This would bring CO₂-emissions from ships in ports to approximately 70 million tonnes in 2050 and NOx-emissions up to 1.3 million tonnes. Asia and Africa will see the sharpest increases in emissions, due to strong port traffic growth and limited mitigation measures.

• Record URL:
  http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201420.pdf
• 
• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/2223439X
• Supplemental Notes:
  • © OECD/ITF 2014
• Authors:
  • Merk, Olaf
• Publication Date: 2014-12

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Digital/other
• Features: Figures; References; Tables;
• Pagination: 36p
• Serial:
  • International Transport Forum Discussion Papers
  • Issue Number: 2014-20
  • Publisher: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • ISSN: 2223-439X
  • Serial URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/2223439x

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Carbon dioxide; Countries; Externalities; Forecasting; Nitrogen oxides; Particulates; Pollutants; Ports; Shipping; Ships
• Subject Areas: Environment; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities; Vehicles and Equipment; I15: Environment;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01551442
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Jan 27 2015 11:23AM