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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Instrumenting an Asphalt Vibratory Compactor for Automation of Roadway Compaction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164563</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The work presented in this paper is a part of an ongoing research to predict the relative density of an asphalt mat in real-time during compaction in the field. In this paper, compaction results from a laboratory asphalt vibratory compactor (AVC) are presented. In laboratory test setup, the AVC was instrumented with tri-axial accelerometers connected to a computer equipped with a data acquisition card. Several asphalt mixes were compacted in the AVC and the vibration responses were recorded. The relationships between the vibratory response and the various process parameters such as: sample thickness, mix types, temperature vibration frequency, compaction pressure, etc. are examined. For selected mixes, the vibration properties (i.e. frequency) are evaluated using spectrogram method. The results show that the spectrogram of vibration response can represent the degree of compaction. The study results demonstrate that the similar (spectrogram) approach can be used to monitor the compaction process of asphalt pavements in real time by instrumenting the filed vibratory roller.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164563</guid>
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      <title>Delivering Highway Projects through Design-Build: Analysis of the Comprehensive Development Agreement (CDA) Procurement Process in Texas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164466</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Design-Build (D-B) has been increasingly adopted for construction projects in the United States. Previous research has identified the desire to reduce the total project delivery time as the primary reason to select D-B. However, inexperience of state transportation departments (STDs) with D-B can slow the procurement phase, endangering the desired time reduction. Therefore, the knowledge of the activities to be included in a D-B procurement process and their critical sequencing is a central issue in conducting projects under D-B. Although many recent studies focused on the evaluation aspect of the procurement, much less attention has been paid to the sequencing of activities to be performed by a STD between the "go/no go" decision and the contract execution. This paper summarizes the findings from research analyzing the procurement of two D-B projects in Texas: State Highway 130 (SH130), and the State Highway 45 Southeast (SH45 SE). Using the lessons learned from these ongoing projects, the researchers have developed a streamlined D-B procurement process for delivering highway projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164466</guid>
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      <title>Priority Scheduling of Urban Rehabilitation Streets to Minimize Congestion, Delays, and Accidents</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164556</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the framework of a priority scheduling algorithm that minimizes traffic congestion, travel delays, and accidents that occur during the rehabilitation of urban streets. The process utilizes: (i) GIS technology for storing and visualizing the necessary data of streets, and for applying traffic assignment; (ii) previous research on the costs of congestion, travel delays, and accident rates; and (iii) utility theory for combining the values of the qualitative and quantitative attributes associated with road rehabilitation. The priority scheduling framework, developed in the research, has been applied to an example town with a population of 116,000, in which 10 street links were selected for repaving in 3 time phases, each of two months, during one construction season. By comparing the multi-attribute utilities of the three attributes using the proposed priority schedule, against the average multi-attribute utilities of 10 random time-schedules of the 10 streets (standard practice), the proposed construction scheduling algorithm yields a saving of 13 veh-hrs/hr in network travel time, $127/hr in the cost of comfort and convenience, and 11 accidents per year. Further research is required for coding the proposed algorithm into an expert system that practitioners can easily learn to use and draw priority schedules for their road rehabilitation programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164556</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Design Cost Analysis of Transportation Projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164469</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation projects are usually designed in three phases: phase I is the preliminary design report, phase II involves the preparation of the actual construction documents including plans and specifications, and phase III involves the construction inspection and contract administration of the project. The process of arriving at total design man-hours and the related design costs is often the most contentious and difficult part of phase II for both the consultant and the STA (State Transportation Agency). The main objective of this research is to model the design costs of consultant designed projects. Actual data were collected from the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT). Statistical modeling techniques were used to predict the design costs. The models developed in the following pages will help supplement the current methods of estimating design costs currently used by IDOT. Currently the IDOT maintains a set of manuals used by the Bureau of Design and Environment for guiding engineers through the design phase for highway projects. These manuals are very comprehensive covering all facets of the design process. The models contained in this research could be implemented in the Design and Environment manuals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164469</guid>
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      <title>A Prototype E-Society Portal: Using a Semantic Model to Represent Sustainability Aspects of Highway Projects to Local Communities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164582</link>
      <description><![CDATA[More than any other industry, the infrastructure has a direct impact on our communities and quality of life. There is a need to utilize the compendium of information technology research and applications to investigate how to engage local communities in the design and configuration of such projects. Systems are needed to explain to communities the various elements of projects, who is sponsoring them, who has the decision powers to develop and approve such components and, more importantly, the impacts of various design options on sustainability. This paper developed an ontology for sustainability in highway construction. An ontology is a conceptual semantic model that attempts to capture human knowledge (both explicit and tacit) in a consistent manner. Ontologies include three main elements: a taxonomy (common vocabulary presented in concept trees), set of relationships (linking concepts across trees) and axioms (limitation/constraints on the behavior of concepts). The ontology was used to develop a portal for broadcasting highway design features to local communities. By browsing through the portal, a user can learn about project elements, the impacts of each element on sustainability issues, who is sponsoring such elements and what efforts have been made to reduce any impacts of such elements on local communities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164582</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Use of Design-Build on Mass Transit Rail Projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164477</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While the design-build delivery method has been used successfully on many types of projects, its application to mass transit rail projects has produced mixed results. In an effort to determine the reasons for this, a study was undertaken to evaluate the use of the design-build delivery method on large mass transit rail projects in the United States. The objective of the study was to analyze the New Starts process used by the Federal Transit Administration. Eight design-build mass transit rail projects were analyzed to determine if revisions could be identified that would facilitate the use of a design-build delivery process. Questionnaires were sent to the three primary stakeholders for each project to collect data regarding how the project was administered and the outcome achieved. Analysis of the data indicate that two useful changes to the New Starts process would be: (1) the timing of the procurement of the design-build contractor and (2) timely assurance of the availability of federal funds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164477</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Identifying Factors for Statistical Models to Measure Highway Project Disruptions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164643</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Highway projects are thought to be influenced by many different types of delays. Data collected from twenty-eight Texas highway projects over a two year period found that utilities conflicts, rain and shortage of materials are the only three significant disruptions. Research also found that most of the disruptions caused production to stop between one to five days while few had stoppages of more than ten days. This paper also found that productivity recovery from different types of delays was different and that learning effects had huge impact on the rate of recovery. The research identified several useful factors that could be used to develop statistical models to estimate delays on reinforced concrete pipes. First, rain related productivity delays could be estimated by differentiating clay content in soil. Second, utilities conflicts could be estimated by differentiating the types of utilities that were involved. Finally, the actions that were taken by the contractors could be used as factors to measure productivity recovery. The overall project delays could be estimated using these factors. These factors were also found to be extremely useful to resolute disputes on time claims due to disruptions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164643</guid>
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      <title>Preliminary Cost Estimates Using Probabilistic Simulation for Highway Bridge Replacement Projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164472</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To improve the accuracy and efficiency of highway budgeting estimation has been an important research focus in the industry and is the objective of this paper. Useful data were extracted from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to develop an alternative to achieve the research objective. Heuristic simulation models pertaining to highway bridge replacement projects were developed to guide engineers to reduce estimation variability before the beginning of planning authorization. The proposed simulation models include independent, correlated, and Latin Hypercube sampling approaches that specifically consider major work items, roll-up work items, and project-level engineering contingency. The charts of cumulative density functions (CDFs) are derived as a handy tool for decision makers to consider project finance initiation, project risk and uncertainty assessment. The systematic procedure can be expanded to other project types and to develop lane-km (lane-mile) cost distributions when ample historical project data are available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164472</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Accelerated Pavement Rehabilitation on Urban Highways: Innovative Approach in California</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pavement renewal for urban highways is a critical issue confronting the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) as large portions of its highway system have exceeded their original 20-year design lives and are in need of rehabilitation and reconstruction. This paper introduces the innovative pavement renewal technologies and techniques that Caltrans has developed and/or adapted under the "Get In, Get Out, and Stay Out" approach emphasizing a rapid, long-lived renewal of urban highway pavements with minimized traffic impacts. Experimental projects where the effectiveness of these technologies and techniques were validated are discussed. Also introduced in the paper is the integrated analysis process combining pavement design, construction logistics, and traffic operations that Caltrans applied in its latest experimental highway project. CA4PRS (Construction Analysis for Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies) software was used as an analysis tool in the integrated process. Caltrans expects that this integrated analysis process will better ensure the selection of optimum rehabilitation strategies reflecting given project conditions to effectively reduce costs to transportation agencies and highway users. It is expected that the positive results and lessons learned from testing these technologies and techniques on the experimental projects cited will lead to the expanded application of the "Get In, Get Out, and Stay Out" approach in future urban highway rehabilitation projects in California. The issues and outcomes discussed in this paper will be beneficial to other transportation agencies and contractors in maximizing rehabilitation productivity, minimizing agency and user delay costs, and achieving long-life performance in urban highway rehabilitations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164489</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Bridges and Tunnels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an analysis of life cycle costs for four bridges and two tunnels constructed and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Cost components include the initial cost, repair and rehabilitation costs, and annual maintenance costs. Results show that the maintenance and rehabilitation costs, as a percentage of the initial cost, are reasonably similar for both bridges and tunnels for perhaps the first 65 years of their service life, after which these costs increase significantly for bridges. However, based on cost per square foot and cost per traffic lane, the opposite is clearly true. Only time and detailed cost records for ensuing years will reveal how the two types of structure compare over their entire service lives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164575</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RoadSim: Simulation Modelling and Visualisation in Road Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164640</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road construction is an equipment-intensive process and its planning and management are essentially different from methods usually adopted for other construction activities. This is essentially due to: the very high value of road contracts; the very high cost of inputs (equipment and materials); the physical extension of works; the sensitiveness of works to meteorological factors; the environmental impacts and potential conflicts with other social and economic activities. Current practices in the industry suggested that road construction planning is inefficient and projects are often over budget and time. Moreover efficiency gains may only be obtained with the introduction of new and more innovative tools to assist managers in planning and managing road construction projects in order to construct projects on time and on budget. The tools should be able to assist managers to study and compare all possible strategies and methodologies for the execution of the works and ensure that the planner's choice corresponds to the most advantageous possibility. To overcome the limitation faced by traditional planning tools and automate the road construction planning process a computer-based simulation system has been developed. The system is designated RoadSim and the respective framework is described in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164640</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Usability Study of an Object-Oriented Design and Specification System for Transportation Projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164661</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Currently, individuals learn about the project requirements by studying a combination of paper and electronic copies of various construction documents. This can be a tedious process since one needs to go back and forth between documents to obtain information about the entire project. This study utilizes the object-oriented computer-aided design (OO-CAD) technology to turn paper-based design standards and construction specifications into an object-oriented design and specification (OODAS) system. Individuals can use the system through a handheld wireless book-size laptop that includes all of the necessary software for operating in a 3D environment. All parties involved in transportation projects can access all of the standards and requirements simultaneously using a 3D graphical interface. An OODAS prototype model was created and demonstrated to potential users representing counties, cities, and the state. Findings suggest that a system like this could improve productivity to find information by as much as 75% and provide a greater sense of confidence that all relevant information had been identified. It was also apparent that this system would be used by more people in construction than in design. There was also concern related to the cost to develop and maintain the complete system. The future direction should focus on a project-based system that can help the contractors and department of transportation (DOT) inspectors find information more rapidly as it pertains to a specific project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164661</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Use of Conceptual Road User Costs for a Rapid Roadway Construction Decision Making System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper outlines a decision making system, for the use of rapid roadway construction methods using conceptual road user costs (RUC). The research developed a series of RUC tables that reflect different socioeconomic conditions by varying the value of time based on average hourly per capita income and wages for different counties in Kentucky. The RUC tables are established to address different types of highway projects (four-lane, six-lane), various topographical conditions (level, rolling and mountain) and construction schedule (daytime, night and overtime). Determining RUC by this method simplifies the method of calculating RUC by using fewer variables that would typically be available during the preliminary and conceptual design stage. The project's intent of determining conceptual road user costs is to support a decision making process to identify the need and type of rapid construction method for a particular project. A specific decision making process is proposed, which uses the ratios of the Calculated Road User Cost (CRUC) to the Maximum Allowable Road User Cost (MARC) followed by a set of additional criteria based on project scope to recommend a selection of rapid construction methods for a given highway project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164465</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Sustainable Roadway Construction: Energy Consumption and Material Waste Generation of Roadways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164586</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sustainable roadway construction can be defined as the optimal use of natural and man-made resources during the roadway life cycle causing negligible damage to the environment. Two means of improving the sustainability of roadways are to minimize the amount of energy consumed for their construction and to efficiently use roadway materials to reduce waste. This paper describes two separate studies conducted to estimate the amount of energy consumed and the amount of waste generated in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) and asphalt pavement (AC) roadways from extraction of raw materials through the end of construction. For CRCP, energy is primarily consumed during the manufacture of cement and reinforcing steel, while for AC the majority of energy is consumed during asphalt mixing, drying of aggregates, and the production of bitumen. With regard to material waste, most of the waste generated from CRCP roadways occurs during extraction and production of cement and aggregates. For AC, the extraction and production of aggregates produce the majority of waste. The results indicate that the amount of waste generated is greater for CRCP than for AC. The results of the two studies highlight where sustainable design efforts to reduce energy consumption and waste generation can best be directed in the initial phases of a pavement's life cycle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 21:48:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2164586</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Countering Human Trafficking: A Toolkit for State DOTs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2786720</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Human trafficking affects hundreds of thousands of minors and adults in the United States through labor and sex trafficking. Organizations such as TAT, Polaris, the Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign, and state transportation agencies have developed strategies to identify trafficking, assist victims, and reduce demand. Successful efforts often rely on strong partnerships and educating individuals to recognize and report signs of trafficking. Collaboration among agencies, organizations, businesses, and communities is essential to disrupt trafficking networks and ensure that victims are identified, protected, and connected with appropriate services.  NCHRP Research Report 1191: Countering Human Trafficking: A Toolkit for State DOTs, produced by TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, addresses the role of state departments of transportation in disrupting human trafficking. The toolkit has two primary components: leadership-focused tools and operational-focused tools. The leadership-focused tools are designed to assist administration officials and executives in making key decisions to initiate a program to disrupt human trafficking and include a quick guidance document, an executive primer, and a policy guide. The operational-focused tools are designed to help agencies develop and implement the actions they decide to pursue and include outreach materials and a training guide.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 16:47:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2786720</guid>
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