THE SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF URBAN ACTIVITIES: A SIMULTANEOUS LOCATION MODEL

The spatial patterns of urban activities are treated as the outcome of a balance between economic conditions that reward spatial concentration of employment activity on the one hand but favor spatial dispersion of residences on the other. The balance between these two sets of conditions is mediated by the cost of commuting. These three elements are formalized in terms of a mathematical-programming model that determines simultaneously the location patterns of employment, residential activity, and commuting. The solution conditions lead to a single-equation model which estimates the distances between zones in a city on the basis of their residential and employment densities. This version is fitted to data for four US cities. Estimates derived from the single-equation model can be resolved into two-dimensional maps of the zones by multidimensional scaling, and maps of the four cities, based on the estimated equations, are obtained and compared with the actual maps of the cities. The results indicate that the estimated parameters are congruent with the actual spatial arrangements of the cities.(a) /TRRL/

• Corporate Authors:

  Pion Limited

  207 Brondesburg Park
  London NW2 5JN,   England 
• Authors:
  • Odland, J
• Publication Date: 1976

Language

• English

Media Info

• Features: References; Tables;
• Pagination: p. 779-791
• Serial:
  • Environment and Planning
  • Volume: 8
  • Issue Number: 7
  • Publisher: Pion Limited

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Business districts; Commuters; Dwellings; Economic factors; Economics; Employment; Mathematical models; Planning; Regression analysis; Residential areas; Traffic distribution; Transportation; Urban areas; Work trips
• ITRD Terms: 302: Business district; 263: Economics of transport; 6473: Mathematical model; 143: Planning; 6588: Regression analysis; 307: Residential area; 313: Urban area
• Subject Areas: Administration and Management; Economics; Operations and Traffic Management; Planning and Forecasting; Transportation (General); I71: Traffic Theory;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00149875
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL)
• Report/Paper Numbers: Analytic
• Files: ITRD, TRIS
• Created Date: Apr 13 1977 12:00AM