QUANTITATIVE COMPARISONS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF LOW-BEAM HEADLAMPS
This study compared the quantitative influence of a variety of factors on the performance of low-beam headlamps. The following factors were included: vertical aim, horizontal aim, mounting height, lateral separation, lens dirt, lamp voltage, number of functioning lamps (two vs. one), vehicle type (cars vs. light trucks and vans), beam pattern (U.S. vs. European), and light source (unshielded 9007 vs. a shielded H4). The following aspects of headlamp performance were considered: visibility of pedestrians, visibility of road delineation, visibility of vehicle reflex reflectors, visibility of retroreflective traffic signs, visibility of targets near the road expansion point, glare directed towards oncoming drivers, glare reflected from wet pavements towards oncoming drivers, glare directed towards rearview mirrors of preceding vehicles, and foreground illumination. A market-weighted U.S, beam pattern with lamps mounted at market-weighted locations, formed the basis for most of the analyses. The results indicate that from among the factors studied, vertical aim is overwhelmingly the most important factor in influencing the performance of low-beam headlamps. The second most important factor is the number of functioning lamps. The main implication of this study is that major improvements in current (fixed as opposed to adaptive) low-beam headlighting could be achieved primarily by better control of vertical aim and by longer-life headlamps.
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Supplemental Notes:
- Affiliation Program currently includes Adac Plastics, BMW, Bosch, Britax International, Chrysler, Corning, Delphi Interior & Lighting Systems, Denso, Ford, GE, GM NAO Safety Center, Hella, Hewlett-Packard, Ichikoh Industries, Koito Manufacturing, LESCOA, Libbey-Owens-Ford, Magneti Marelli, North American Lighting, Osram Sylvania, Philips Lighting, PPG Industries, Reflexite, Reitter & Schefnacker, Stanley Electric, Stimsonite, TEXTRON Automotive, Valeo, Wagner lighting, 3M Personal Safety Products, 3M Traffic Control Materials. Information about the Affiliation Program is available at: http://www.umich.edu/~industry/
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Corporate Authors:
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
2901 Baxter Road
Ann Arbor, MI United States 48109-2150University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Industry Affiliation Program for Human Factors in Transportation Safety
Ann Arbor, MI United States 48109 -
Authors:
- Sivak, M
- Flannagan, M J
- Miyokawa, T
- Publication Date: 1998-10
Language
- English
Media Info
- Features: References; Tables;
- Pagination: 30 p.
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Automobiles; Beams; Glare; Height; Lenses (Optics); Light trucks; Lighting; Low beamed headlamps; Opposing traffic; Pavements; Pedestrians; Performance; Rearview mirrors; Reflectorized materials; Retroreflectors; Roads; Traffic signs; Vans; Visibility; Voltage; Wet weather
- Uncontrolled Terms: Beam pattern; Dirt; Foreground; Headlamp aim; Horizontal aim (Headlamps); Vertical aim (Headlamps)
- Subject Areas: Highways; Pavements; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Safety and Human Factors; Vehicles and Equipment; I91: Vehicle Design and Safety;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 00797191
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
- Report/Paper Numbers: HS-042 868,, UMTRI-98-42
- Files: HSL, TRIS, USDOT
- Created Date: Aug 30 2000 12:00AM