TOVALOP - ITS ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENTS, STATUS AND OBJECTIVES
This paper describes the origin and development of a Plan by which tanker owners have taken constructive action with respect to oil pollution of coastlines resulting from negligent discharge of oil from their tankers with negligence being presumed unless the owner can establish that the discharge occurred without the tanker's fault. The Plan not only obligates the owner to remove the oil discharged but provides for reimbursement to a national government for expenses reasonably incurred by it in removing the oil. Limits of liability are established as $100 per gross registered ton of the tanker involved or $10,000,000 which ever is less and the Plan provides means of guaranteeing financial capability for meeting such obligations, as well as enforceability of claims through arbitration. Current membership in the Plan represents ownership of more than 70% of world tanker tonnage. The paper analyses the method by which the Plan operates and looks to the objectives it seeks to accomplish. It relates the Plan to current national legislation and international convention activities directed toward solutions of oil pollution problems arising out of the carriage of oil by sea. Finally, it emphasises the flexibility of the Plan as a developing concept in the oil pollution field.
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Corporate Authors:
Annual Tanker Conference (15th)
Seaview Country Club
Absecon, NJ United States -
Authors:
- Tripp, A
- Conference:
- Publication Date: 1970-4-27
Media Info
- Pagination: p. 160-173
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Information services; Liability; Oil spill cleanup; Oil spills; Pollution
- Old TRIS Terms: Oil spill control; Oil spill information centers
- Subject Areas: Environment; Law; Marine Transportation;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 00034937
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: American Petroleum Institute
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Oct 27 1973 12:00AM