DETERMINATION OF EMISSION FACTORS FOR TIRE WEAR PARTICLES UP TO 10 MICRONS BY TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS

The specification of threshold values for the traffic related air pollutants soot (defined as elemental carbon), Benzene and NO2 in the German 23rd Ordinance for the Federal Immission Control Act as well as the discussion of new EU standards for suspended particles less than 10 microns make higher demands upon the determination of air pollutant emissions. Emission factors needed for dispersal calculations of suspended particulates do not exist with sufficient differentiation of particle size and particle compounds like elemental carbon. Emission factors for tire wear particles with dp less than 10 microns cannot be constructed from measurements of profile depth or mass losses of tires, because a lot of the tire wear particles are larger than 10 microns. More representative emission factors were obtained by size-distributed particle measurement (PM10 inlet and cut-off at 2.5 microns) in a highway tunnel in Berlin-Tegel. The samples of suspended particles and samples from diesel soot and tire tread were analysed thermographically for elemental carbon as well as low volatile organic carbon. Thus it was possible to calculate the different traffic-related source contributions by a chemical mass balance. Using a simple box model the emissions could be determined from the traffic contributions. Together with traffic data the emission factors were obtained from multiple regression analysis. Tire wear particles were only found in the coarse-mode fraction (2.5 - 10 microns) whereas about 97% of all diesel soot particles were smaller than 2.5 microns. For tire wear particles less than 10 microns followed an emission factor for passenger cars of 6.1 plus or minus 1.1 mg/km. Due to the numerical dominance of the passenger cars, the emission factor for tire wear particle from trucks (less than 32 mg.km) represents only the upper limit. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD E101903.

• Corporate Authors:

  Technical University Graz

  Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, Inffeldgrasse 25
  A-8010 Graz,   Austria 
• Authors:
  • PISCHINGER, R
  • RAUTERBERG-WULFF, A
• Conference:
  • PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM TRANSPORT AND AIR POLLUTION INCLUDING COST 319 FINAL CONFERENCE, GRAZ, AUSTRIA, 31 MAY - 2 JUNE 1999
• Publication Date: 1999

Language

• English

Media Info

• Features: References;
• Pagination: p. 265-72
• Serial:
  • Volume: 76

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Diesel engines; Particles; Pollutants; Rubber; Tires; Tunnels
• Uncontrolled Terms: Particle size distribution
• ITRD Terms: 1314: Diesel engine; 2442: Emission; 4511: Particle; 6200: Particle size distribution; 7494: Rubber; 3374: Tunnel; 1381: Tyre
• Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Environment; Vehicles and Equipment;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00768751
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Transport Research Laboratory
• Files: ITRD
• Created Date: Sep 10 1999 12:00AM