ANTI-ICING ACTIVITIES IN FINLAND: FIELD TESTS WITH LIQUID AND PREWETTED CHEMICALS

Preventive ice control methods were discussed and even promoted in the 1970s in Finland. Because of bad results, such practice did not become generally used. At the end of the 1980s, the liquid and prewetted salting methods were introduced in Finland; these methods made preventive ice control feasible. In field studies preventive methods were tested in practice using liquid NaCl (23 to 25%). Salt residues were measured after the applications with Sobo 20 to find out how long the residues are effective on the roadways. The tests included a comparison between liquid NaCl and liquid CaCl2 (at 32%). The spreading patterns were studied with prewetted salt at different rates of application and at different spreading speeds. A few anti-icing tests conformed to each other: preventive treatment was successful. In the residues, there was no difference between how well the NaCl and CaCl2 stayed on the roadways. Quite often the salt residues diminished more during the first 200 vehicles than afterward. It is recommended to treat the most heavily trafficked highways with liquid salt preventively, when the road is expected to freeze. Spreading patterns were found to be at their best when the spreading width for a road 7 m (23 ft) wide is less than 5 m (about 16 ft)--3 to 4 m is good--and the speed is not more than 30 to 40 km/hr (19 to 25 mph). If these limits are exceeded, more salt is wasted to the slopes. Six road master districts were involved in these tests, all of which were executed on trafficked highways.

• Record URL:
  http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1993/1387/1387-008.pdf
• Record URL:
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• Supplemental Notes:
  • This paper appears in Transportation Research Record No. 1387, Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology; Papers presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology, September 14-18, 1992, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
• Authors:
  • Raukola, Tapio
  • Kuusela, Rauno
  • Lappalainen, Heikki
  • Piirainen, Antti
• Conference:
  • Third International Symposium on Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology
  • Location: Minneapolis Minnesota
  • Date: 1992-9-14 to 1992-9-18
• Publication Date: 1993

Language

• English

Media Info

• Features: Figures; Photos; References; Tables;
• Pagination: p. 48-56
• Monograph Title: Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology. Papers Presented at a Symposium, September 14-18, 1992, Minneapolis, Minnesota
• Serial:
  • Transportation Research Record
  • Issue Number: 1387
  • Publisher: Transportation Research Board
  • ISSN: 0361-1981

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Anti-icing; Calcium chloride; Deicing chemicals; Field tests; Paint spreading rate; Preventive maintenance; Snow and ice control; Sodium chloride; Wetting
• Uncontrolled Terms: Prewetting
• Geographic Terms: Finland
• Old TRIS Terms: Spreading rate; Test results
• Subject Areas: Geotechnology; Highways; Maintenance and Preservation; Materials; I35: Miscellaneous Materials; I62: Winter Maintenance;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00636261
• Record Type: Publication
• ISBN: 0309054583
• Files: TRIS, TRB
• Created Date: Sep 3 1993 12:00AM