BENCHMARK DESIGN AND INSTALLATION. A SYNTHESIS OF EXISTING INFORMAIION

Techniques used for topographic, hydrographic, construction, boundary, geodetic and structural movement surveys are only as accurate as the benchmarks used as reference. In northern areas, frost action can cause substantial vertical movement of benchmarks. Benchmarks may also subside or shift in wetlands and coastal areas. Various benchmark designs and installation procedures reduce or eliminate movement, but information on the designs and procedures is widely scattered and not available to Corps of Engineers Districts in one report. This report is a synthesis of informtion compiled from surveys of Corps of Engineers Districts and Divisions, U.S. and Canadian government agencies, private industry and a literaure review. Matrices for selecting and installing benchmarks that meet third-order accuracy requirements or better and that are appropriate for various climatic and soil conditions were prepared from the synthesized information. Procedures to be followed while installing various types of benchmarks are included.

• Corporate Authors:

  U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

  72 Lyme Road
  Hanover, NH  United States  03755-1290
• Authors:
  • Gatto, L W
• Publication Date: 1987-7

Media Info

• Features: Appendices; Figures; References; Tables;
• Pagination: 79 p.

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Accuracy; Benchmarks; Bibliographies; Building; Design; Facilities; Frost action; Installation; Motion; Prevention; Reviews
• Old TRIS Terms: Frost action effects
• Subject Areas: Construction; Design; Geotechnology; Highways; Maintenance and Preservation; Security and Emergencies; I42: Soil Mechanics;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00474766
• Record Type: Publication
• Report/Paper Numbers: CRRL-SR-87-10
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Oct 31 1987 12:00AM