EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN PARKING PRICES AND PARKING RESTRICTIONS ON URBAN TRANSPORT DEMANDS AND CONGESTION LEVELS

The research reported investigates the influence of parking prices, fees, and time costs, on urban modal choice and parking location decisions. A disaggregate approach is used to test a behavioral two-stage model in which the use of the car is followed by a selection among alternative parking locations. Parking was shown to be treated as a separate variable in the modal choice decision, and not simply aggregated with running costs as previous modal split studies suggested. Work trip data, based upon the Toronto and region transportation study of 1964, was used for testing modal choice and parking location equations, and the effects of changes in parking prices, fee structures and time costs are evaluated. The main conclusions are: (1) The estimated elasticity of choice of mode with respect to changes in parking fee is -0.44. This is lower than previously believed. Also, the impact of any changes in parking prices are dependent on the current auto/transit split. (2) The parking location models indicate that a rise in parking prices over the central business district (CBD) will result in both a relocation and modal switching effect. (3) Congestion in aggregate is influenced very little, if at all. There is, however, a redistribution of parkers towards the periphery of the CBD. The redistributional impact depends on the current distribution of parkers within the CBD, their socio-economic characteristics, such as income level, and the particular parking policy chosen. /TRRL/

• Corporate Authors:

  Toronto-York University Joint Program in Transportation

  4700 Keele Street, Room 430 Osgoode Hall
  Downsview, Ontario  Canada  M3J 1P3
• Authors:
  • Gillen, G W
• Publication Date: 1975-2

Language

• English

Media Info

• Features: Figures; References; Tables;
• Pagination: 51 p.

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Costs; Demand; Location; Mathematical models; Mode choice; Parking; Parking regulations; Pay parking; Public transit; Traffic congestion; Travel time; Urban areas
• Uncontrolled Terms: Models; Parking costs
• Old TRIS Terms: Modal selection
• ITRD Terms: 8018: Canada; 632: Congestion (traffic); 224: Cost; 675: Modal split; 955: Parking; 9072: Selection; 313: Urban area
• Subject Areas: Finance; Highways; Operations and Traffic Management; Planning and Forecasting; Public Transportation;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00126265
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL)
• Report/Paper Numbers: No. 25 R&D Rept.
• Files: ITRD, TRIS
• Created Date: Apr 7 1981 12:00AM