Motorcycle emergency steering assistance: A systematic approach from system definition to benefit estimation and exploratory field testing

Braking assistance systems are already contributing to improving motorcyclists’ safety, however, research on emergency systems acting on the steering is lacking. These systems, already available for passenger cars, could prevent or mitigate motorcycle crashes in which safety functions based only on braking are ineffective. The first research question was to quantify the safety impact of diverse emergency assistance systems acting on the steering of a motorcycle. For the most promising system, the second research question was to assess the feasibility of its intervention using a real motorcycle. Three emergency steering assistance systems were defined in terms of Functionality, Purpose, and Applicability: Motorcycle Curve Assist (MCA), Motorcycle Stabilization (MS), and Motorcycle Autonomous Emergency Steering (MAES). Experts evaluated each system’s applicability and effectiveness based on the specific crash configuration (using Definitions for Classifying Accidents — DCA), the Knowledge-Based system of Motorcycle Safety (KBMS), and the In-Depth Crash Reconstruction (IDCR). An experimental campaign was conducted with an instrumented motorcycle to assess the rider’s reaction to external steering input. A surrogate method for an active steering assistance system imparted external steering torques in correspondence with a lane change to analyze the effect of the steering inputs on motorcycle dynamics and rider controllability. MAES globally got the best score for each assessment method. MS received better evaluations than MCA in two out of three methods. The union of the three systems covered a sizeable fraction of the crashes considered (maximum score in 22.8% of the cases). An estimation of the injury potential mitigation, based on injury risk functions for motorcyclists, was made for the most promising system (MAES). The field test data and video footage showed no instability or loss of control, despite the high intensity (>20Nm) of the external steering input. The rider interviews confirmed that the external action was intense but manageable. For the first time, this study presents an exploratory assessment of the applicability, benefits, and feasibility of motorcycle safety functions acting on the steering. MAES, in particular, was found applicable to a relevant share of crashes involving motorcycles. Remarkably, applying an external action to produce a lateral avoidance maneuver proved feasible in a real-world test setting.

• Record URL:
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107116
• Record URL:
  • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000145752300163X
• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/00014575
• Supplemental Notes:
  • © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Abstract reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
• Authors:
  • Bartolozzi, Mirco
  • 0000-0003-4094-9205
  • Niccolai, Adelmo
  • 0009-0004-6840-1211
  • Lucci, Cosimo
  • 0000-0002-7226-0501
  • Savino, Giovanni
  • 0000-0003-0949-0811
• Publication Date: 2023-8

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Web
• Features: References;
• Pagination: 107116
• Serial:
  • Accident Analysis & Prevention
  • Volume: 188
  • Issue Number: 0
  • Publisher: Elsevier
  • ISSN: 0001-4575
  • Serial URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00014575

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Automatic steering control; Crash avoidance systems; Driver support systems; Field tests; Motorcycles; Vehicle safety
• Subject Areas: Highways; Safety and Human Factors; Vehicles and Equipment;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01884568
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Jun 5 2023 11:35AM