Battery health target tracking for HEVs: Closed-loop control approach, simulation framework, and reference trajectory optimization

In this paper, the authors address the trade-off between primary energy consumption and battery wear for hybrid electric vehicles in an optimal manner, for which the authors provide three contributions: First, the authors suggest a control structure to track a battery lifetime target in a closed control loop by incorporating periodic measurements of the state of health. This feedback enables the energy management system to reliably meet the target lifetime in the presence of disturbances and model mismatch. The authors validate the control scheme in a case study featuring a battery-assisted trolley bus. In this case study, the authors show that without the proposed measurement feedback and in the presence of disturbances and model mismatch, the sub-optimal use of the battery can either result in an increase in energy consumption of up to 9% over the vehicle’s lifetime or in a prematurely required battery replacement. Second, to speed up the necessary calculations, the authors devise an algorithm that is able to perform simulations of a complete vehicle lifetime in less than a minute. A comparison to a standard simulation approach shows that the authors' approach is able to accurately calculate both energy consumption and battery degradation with an error of less than 1% on average, while the execution time is reduced by a factor of about 70000. Third, the authors numerically optimize the battery health trajectory over the vehicle lifetime. The authors show that, while a quadratic health trajectory leads to improved energy efficiency, for the specific vehicle and cell technology considered in the authors' case study, a linear trajectory results in only a small energy penalty of 0.05% over the vehicle lifetime.

• Record URL:
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2023.100244
• Record URL:
  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259011682300019X
• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/25901168
• Supplemental Notes:
  • © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. Abstract reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
• Authors:
  • Widmer, Fabio
  • 0000-0003-0604-3856
  • Ritter, Andreas
  • Ritzmann, Johannes
  • Gerber, David
  • Onder, Christopher H
• Publication Date: 2023-7

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Web
• Features: References;
• Pagination: 100244
• Serial:
  • eTransportation
  • Volume: 17
  • Issue Number: 0
  • Publisher: Elsevier
  • ISSN: 2590-1168
  • Serial URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/etransportation

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Degradation (Thermodynamics); Electric batteries; Electric vehicles; Energy consumption; Feedback control; Hybrid vehicles
• Subject Areas: Energy; Highways; Vehicles and Equipment;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01893515
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Sep 19 2023 9:27AM