KINEMATIC AND SPINAL COLUMN INJURIES IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE PASSENGER PROTECTION. RESULTS OF SIMULATED FRONTAL COLLISIONS
A report has been made on the kinematical analysis of cadaver tests, performed on a flat car running upon rolls in two series, simulating frontal impacts with a crash velocity of 50 km/h and a mean deceleration of 20 g. The first series involved 23 test subjects, protected with three-point belts, in driver and passenger position; in the second series, 10 tests with air-bag and knee-bar protected occupants in passenger position were conducted. Caused by the system, there is a fundamentally different kinematic of the head between the two restraint systems. No homogeneous differences of the two restraint systems can be derived from the mean values of the investigated displacements as well as the angular velocity and the angular acceleration. In the three-point belt tests, the injuries may be explained with anteflexion; in the air-bag knee bar tests with retroflexion. The mean value of the injury severity of the spinal column amounts between AIS 2 and AIS 3 for the three-point belt system and amounts between AIS 1 and AIS 2 for the air-bag knee-bar system. It has been noticed that the angular acceleration does not represent a suitable parameter for the severity of the spinal column injuries with the given collision conditions and the restraint systems; the age represents a much greater influence than the kinematical magnitudes. For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS 393117. (Author/TRRL)
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Supplemental Notes:
- This paper was presented during the Proceedings of the 1984 International IRCOBI Conference on The Biomechanics of Impacts, Delft, the Netherlands, 4, 5, 6 September 1984.
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Corporate Authors:
IRCOBI (International Research Council on the Biokinetics of Impacts)
109 Avenue Salvador Allende
Bron CEDEX, France F-69675 -
Authors:
- Kallieris, D
- Mattern, R
- Schmidt, G
- Warth, D
- Conference:
- Publication Date: 1984
Media Info
- Features: Figures; Photos; References; Tables;
- Pagination: p. 279-295
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Acceleration (Mechanics); Age; Air bags; Biophysics; Cadavers; Conferences; Crash tests; Deceleration; Frontal crashes; Injuries; Injury severity; Kinematics; Manual safety belts; Prevention; Protection; Simulation; Speed; Spinal column
- Uncontrolled Terms: Severity
- ITRD Terms: 1757: Age; 1465: Air bag (restraint system); 2060: Biomechanics; 2093: Cadaver; 8525: Conference; 5416: Deceleration; 1640: Head on collision; 1648: Impact test (crash); 2163: Injury; 9149: Prevention; 1476: Safety belt; 9103: Simulation; 5408: Speed; 2041: Spinal column
- Subject Areas: Highways; Research; Safety and Human Factors; Security and Emergencies; I84: Personal Injuries;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 00393138
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: Institute for Road Safety Research, SWOV
- Files: ITRD, TRIS
- Created Date: Jun 30 1985 12:00AM