Evacuation simulation considering the heterogeneity of pedestrian under terrorist attacks
In recent years, various types of terrorist attacks have become a great threat to crowd safety and society stability. In this paper, evacuation of heterogeneous pedestrians including rational individuals and herding occupants under the terrorist attack is investigated by an extended floor field model. Evacuation time and casualties in different scenarios are analyzed. The results show that pedestrians need to maintain a proper escape intention to the exit when avoiding the terrorist. The herding behavior has negative effect on evacuation, which is likely to cause large casualties. The existence of rational pedestrian is conducive to the evacuation of herding occupants in a mixed crowd. Due to the typical escape pattern of pedestrians under the terrorist attack, the evacuation performance is better when the exit is in the middle than at the corner. Moreover, the positive influence of large exit width on evacuation is also constrained. Both the number of terrorist and their speed have a significant impact on pedestrian death. Furthermore, pedestrian casualties are also closely related to the initial positions of terrorists.
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/22124209
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Supplemental Notes:
- © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Abstract reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
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Authors:
- Cao, Shuchao
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0000-0001-9224-8887
- Qian, Jialong
- Li, Xiaolian
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0000-0002-9342-0367
- Ni, Jie
- Publication Date: 2022-9
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Web
- Features: References;
- Pagination: 103203
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Serial:
- International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
- Volume: 79
- Issue Number: 0
- Publisher: Elsevier
- ISSN: 2212-4209
- Serial URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22124209
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Crowds; Evacuation; Pedestrian safety; Simulation; Terrorism
- Subject Areas: Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Safety and Human Factors; Security and Emergencies;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01860713
- Record Type: Publication
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Oct 6 2022 4:51PM