Parking Choice Behavior with Panel Effects Based on Global Positioning Systems
Parking policy has become one of the most powerful tools to reduce private car use in dense urban areas. One of the policy strategies which gained special attention in recent years is the shift from off-street parking to on-street parking. To provide empirical evidence on policy decisions, this paper describes an explanatory study on off-street versus on-street parking choice behavior inside Amsterdam, based on smartphone global positioning system (GPS) data. A distance-based approach is proposed to detect on-street and off-street parking locations. Afterwards, the retrieved locations are included in binary choice models, and mixed choice models with panel effects and Monte Carlo integration. According to the log-likelihood, the choice model with panel effects on the individual and the walk time, outperformed the binary choice model. Attributes and characteristics investigated in this research are the walk and drive time, the parking provider, design attributes of the off-street parking locations, and characteristics on the weather, events, and the location of origin, destination and parking. The choice model results indicate that motorists have a general preference to park on-street, because of the reduced walk time. Individuals have a stronger resistance to a parking location with a longer walk time, compared to a parking location with higher parking rates. Moreover, in this research it is found that security cameras, lower capacity, artistic events, and specific commercial parking providers positively affect an individuals’ off-street parking choice. In future studies, the models can be enhanced by including charging stations, cross-variables effects, parking permits, and multi-modal trips.
- Record URL:
-
Supplemental Notes:
- This paper was sponsored by TRB committee AEP60 Standing Committee on Transportation Demand Management.
-
Authors:
- Fokker, Elisabeth S
- Koch, Thomas
- Knapen, Luk
- Dugundji, Elenna R
-
Conference:
- Transportation Research Board 101st Annual Meeting
- Location: Washington DC, United States
- Date: 2022-1-9 to 2022-1-13
- Date: 2022
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Digital/other
- Features: Figures; Maps; References; Tables;
- Pagination: 23p
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Choice models; Global Positioning System; Off street parking; On street parking
- Subject Areas: Design; Highways; Planning and Forecasting;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01857916
- Record Type: Publication
- Report/Paper Numbers: TRBAM-22-04226
- Files: TRIS, TRB, ATRI
- Created Date: Sep 16 2022 4:31PM