Evaluation of 48V Technologies to Meet Future CO2 and Low NOx Emission Regulations for Medium Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) have recently announced rulemakings focused on tighter emission limits for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from heavy-duty trucks. As part of the new rulemaking CARB has proposed a Low Load Cycle (LLC) to specifically evaluate NOx emission performance over real-world urban and vocational operation typically characterized by low engine loads, thereby demanding the implementation of continuous active thermal management of the engine and aftertreatment system. This significant drop in NOx levels along with continued reduction in the Green House Gas (GHG) limits poses a more significant challenge for the engine developer as the conventional emission reduction approaches for one species will likely result in an undesirable increase in the other species. One pathway to simultaneously reduce NOx and CO2 emissions and achieve these future emission regulations is through the application of 48V electrification for engine and aftertreatment system. Compared to the high voltage systems, 48V electrification offers a relatively lower cost solution to meet future regulations. In addition, the 48V system requires lower integration efforts, reduces safety concerns and offers a lower weight solution which are all key drivers for the heavy-duty market.In the current study, a cost-effective 48V technology package for the next generation of high efficiency diesel engines is evaluated. The baseline engine model was calibrated against test data from a 2017 6-cylinder 7.7L Phase I GHG complaint diesel engine with a 228kW power rating. The baseline engine was further integrated with an advanced 48V technology package for fuel consumption reduction and aftertreatment thermal management. The selected engine technology package includes electrification of the air handling system using 48V E-Turbo and 48V EGR pump, friction reduction with downspeeding and cylinder deactivation for thermal management. In addition, a physics-based model for the baseline aftertreatment system meeting the 2010 NOx emissions regulations was developed and calibrated against experimental data. The aftertreatment model was then used to define an advanced aftertreatment system that included application of a novel aftertreatment warm-up concept that applies a 48V electrically heated catalyst in combination with a fuel doser and a low temperature SCR catalyst to reduce cold start emissions. Finally, the advanced engine and aftertreatment system were coupled for complete system simulations. The results show that by applying the proposed 48V technology package, the 0.02 g/bhp-hr low NOx emission levels can be achieved while simultaneously meeting the 2027 Phase 2 GHG emission standards.
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/01487191
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Supplemental Notes:
- Abstract reprinted with permission of SAE International.
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Authors:
- Dhanraj, FNU
- Dahodwala, Mufaddel
- Joshi, Satyum
- Koehler, Erik
- Franke, Michael
- Tomazic, Dean
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Conference:
- WCX SAE World Congress Experience
- Location: Detroit & Online Michigan, United States
- Date: 2022-4-5 to 2022-4-7
- Publication Date: 2022-3-29
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Web
- Features: References;
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Serial:
- SAE Technical Paper
- Publisher: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
- ISSN: 0148-7191
- EISSN: 2688-3627
- Serial URL: http://papers.sae.org/
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Engine starters; Environmental protection; Greenhouse gases; Heavy duty trucks; High voltage; Nitrogen oxides; Thermal properties
- Subject Areas: Highways; Vehicles and Equipment;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01841806
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: SAE International
- Report/Paper Numbers: 2022-01-0555
- Files: TRIS, SAE
- Created Date: Apr 6 2022 2:18PM