Driver drowsiness estimation using EEG signals with a dynamical encoder-decoder modeling framework
Drowsiness is a leading cause of accidents on the road as it negatively affects the driver's ability to safely operate a vehicle. Neural activity recorded by EEG electrodes is a widely used physiological correlate of driver drowsiness. This paper presents a novel dynamical modeling solution to estimate the instantaneous level of the driver drowsiness using EEG signals, where the PERcentage of eyelid CLOSure (PERCLOS) is employed as the ground truth of driver drowsiness. Applying the proposed modeling framework, the authors find neural features present in EEG data that encode PERCLOS. In the decoding phase, the authors use a Bayesian filtering solution to estimate the PERCLOS level over time. A data set that comprises 18 driving tests, conducted by 13 drivers, has been used to investigate the performance of the proposed framework. The modeling performance in estimation of PERCLOS provides robust and repeatable results in tests with manual and automated driving modes by an average RMSE of 0.117 (at a PERCLOS range of 0 to 1) and average High Probability Density percentage of 62.5%. The authors further hypothesized that there are biomarkers that encode the PERCLOS across different driving tests and participants. Using this solution, the authors identified possible biomarkers such as Theta and Delta powers. Results show that about 73% and 66% of the Theta and Delta powers which are selected as biomarkers are increasing as PERCLOS grows during the driving test. The authors argue that the proposed method is a robust and reliable solution to estimate drowsiness in real-time which opens the door in utilizing EEG-based measures in driver drowsiness detection systems.
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/20452322
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Supplemental Notes:
- Copyright © 2022 Sadegh Arefnezhad, et al.
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Authors:
- Arefnezhad, Sadegh
- Hamet, James
- Eichberger, Arno
- Fruhwirth, Matthias
- Ischebeck, Anja
- Koglbauer, Ioana Victoria
- Moser, Maximilian
- Yousefi, Ali
- Publication Date: 2022
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Digital/other
- Pagination: 2650
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Serial:
- Scientific Reports
- Volume: 12
- Issue Number: 1
- Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
- ISSN: 2045-2322
- Serial URL: http://www.nature.com/srep/index.html
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Publication flags:
Open Access (libre)
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Drivers; Drowsiness; Electroencephalography; Eye movements; Neurology; Real time information
- Subject Areas: Highways; Safety and Human Factors;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01842081
- Record Type: Publication
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Apr 11 2022 10:44AM