Ubiquity of hazardous airborne substances on passenger ferries
The ferry service of the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is one of the busiest in the world. However, a disadvantage of this mass transportation is the large emissions of hazardous substances from diesel combustion. The authors measured fine particulate matter (PM₂₋₅), equivalent black carbon (eBC), particle number (PN) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) while commuting by double-decker ferries. The particulate concentrations were larger in the lower than in the upper decks, attributed to the infiltration of smoke when ferries were docked and leakage through openings around the door frames during cruising. Boarding/alighting were the most polluted phases (eBC, PM₂₋₅ and PN were 3.3-, 1.4- and 2.7-fold larger than during cruising), due to the high engine load to keep the ferries locked in position, while TVOCs showed no statistically significant differences. Particulate concentrations on naturally ventilated vessels were between 2.5- and 3.5-fold larger than on the air-conditioned ones, but TVOCs were 150-fold higher in the latter, attributed to emissions from furniture and cleaning products. Mean eBC and PM₂₋₅ concentrations on-board the ferries surpassed those at the kerbside. Modernising or retrofitting the vessels could diminish the emissions of hazardous substances, while jet bridges could reduce the commuters' exposure during boarding.
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/03043894
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Supplemental Notes:
- Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Abstract reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
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Authors:
- Targino, Admir Créso
- Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius Batista
- Krecl, Patricia
- Publication Date: 2022
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Digital/other
- Features: Appendices; Figures; Maps; Photos; References; Tables;
- Pagination: 127133
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Serial:
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Volume: 423
- Issue Number: Pt B
- Publisher: Elsevier
- ISSN: 0304-3894
- Serial URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043894
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Air pollution; Diesel engine exhaust gases; Ferries; Particulates; Smoke
- Geographic Terms: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
- Subject Areas: Environment; Marine Transportation; Passenger Transportation;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01837623
- Record Type: Publication
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Feb 28 2022 9:40AM