HORIZONTAL FREEZING COOLS HELSINKI METRO DRIVE

Twin 6.5m diameter metro tunnels were driven through saturated soil at a depth of 25m under a street intersection in Helsinki with the aid of horizontal freezing. The frozen section was about 30m long. The soil around the perimeter of the tunnel bores was frozen by vapourising freon in the freeze tubes. A 2.5m thick ice wall in sand and moraine developed during the freezing period of 55 days. The tunnel bores were excavated under protection of the frozen arch by cautious drilling and blasting. The advance was 1.2 to 1.8m per round. Permanent tunnel linings were constructed by bolting together cast iron segments.

• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/0041414X
• Corporate Authors:

  Morgan-Grampian Limited

  30 Calderwood Street
  London SE18 6QH,   England 
• Authors:
  • Vuorela, M
  • Eronen, T
• Publication Date: 1981-9

Media Info

• Pagination: p. 32-34
• Serial:
  • Tunnels & Tunnelling International
  • Volume: 13
  • Issue Number: 8
  • Publisher: Progressive Media Markets, Ltd
  • ISSN: 0041-414X

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Construction; Freezing; Freezing point; Frozen soils; Ground freezing; Soil stabilization; Soils; Subways; Tunnel lining; Tunneling
• Geographic Terms: Helsinki (Finland)
• Old TRIS Terms: Subway construction; Tunnels and tunneling
• Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Public Transportation;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 00367792
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: Engineering Index
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Oct 30 1982 12:00AM