Climate co-benefits of alternate strategies for tourist transportation: The case of Murree Hills in Pakistan
This study explores the climate impacts of on-road tourist transportation with alternate mitigation strategies. To this end, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for 2016 and emissions under four “what-if” scenarios were estimated for a popular tourist site in Pakistan, i.e., Murree Hills, using the international vehicle emissions model. Alternate scenarios included occupancy optimization, bus transit system, and Euro II and Euro IV implementation. The emissions were further decomposed using the log mean Divisia index method to study the drivers of global warming potential (GWP) mitigation. As per the results, the total 20-year GWP for 2016 was equal to 51,262 tons CO₂ equivalent, and maximum reduction was achieved under the bus transit system scenario having a 20-year GWP of 25,736 tons CO₂ equivalent, i.e., 49.8% reduction. Relative to the base year, GWP reductions were also quite significant for Euro IV (46.8%), Euro II (45.8%), and occupancy optimization (32.3%) scenarios. For the base year, CO₂ held a share of 87.3% in total emissions; however, its share in the 20-year GWP was 39.7% indicating its reduced impact on total GWP as compared to N₂O, CO, NOₓ, VOC, and CH₄. Based on the decomposition results for alternate scenarios, GWP mitigation was mainly driven by CO, CH₄, NOₓ, VOCs, and partially by CO₂, while N₂O negatively affected GWP mitigation. These results provide several policy-level instruments for developing countries to design a transition to an eco-friendly tourist transport management system. The policy implications from this study can be used to promote an eco-tourism industry.
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/09441344
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Supplemental Notes:
- © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019.
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Authors:
- Shah, Izhar Hussain
- 0000-0002-0066-0012
- Dawood, Usama Fida
- Jalil, Umaima Abdul
- Adnan, Yasir
- Publication Date: 2019-5
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Web
- Features: References;
- Pagination: pp 13263-13274
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Serial:
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Volume: 26
- Issue Number: 13
- Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- ISSN: 0944-1344
- EISSN: 1614-7499
- Serial URL: https://www.springer.com/journal/11356
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Ecotourism; Environmental impacts; Environmental policy; Exhaust gases; Forecasting; Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Passenger transportation
- Geographic Terms: Pakistan
- Subject Areas: Environment; Highways; Planning and Forecasting; Policy; Public Transportation;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01712112
- Record Type: Publication
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Jul 22 2019 8:01PM