Risk Awareness and Perception Training using VR Headsets: The Validation of VR Headsets to Measure Hazard Anticipation Behaviors
The objective of the current study is to evaluate the use of virtual reality (VR) headsets to measure driving performance for driving simulation studies and training. This is desirable because they are several orders of magnitude less expensive and, if validated, could greatly extend the powers of simulation. Out of several possible measures of performance that could be considered for evaluating VR headsets, the current study specifically examines drivers’ latent hazard anticipation behavior both because it has been linked to crashes and because it has been shown to be significantly poorer in young drivers compared to their experienced counterparts in traditional driving simulators and in open road studies. The total time middle-aged drivers spend glancing at a latent hazard and the average duration of each glance were also compared to these same times for younger drivers using a VR headset and fixed-base driving simulator. In a between-subjects design, 48 participants were equally and randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: two young driver cohorts (18-21 years) and two middle-aged driver cohorts (30-55 years) navigating either a fixed-base driving simulator or a VR-headset-based simulator. All participants navigated six unique scenarios while their eyes were continually tracked. The proportion of latent hazards anticipated by participants, which constituted the primary dependent measure, was found to be greater for middle-aged drivers than for young drivers across both platforms. Results also indicate that the middle-aged participants glanced longer than their younger counterparts on both platforms at latent hazards, as measured by the total glance duration; however, there was no difference when measured by the average glance duration. Moreover, the magnitude of the difference between middle-aged and younger drivers was the same across the two platforms. The study provides some justification for the use of VR headsets as a way of understanding drivers’ hazard anticipation behavior and using this understanding to create a risk awareness training program.
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Supplemental Notes:
- This document was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program. Supporting datasets available at: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/F9THUH; https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/42479
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Corporate Authors:
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Amherst, MA United States 01003Safety Research Using Simulation University Transportation Center (SaferSim)
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA United States 52242Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology
University Transportation Centers Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC United States 20590 -
Authors:
- Fitzpatrick, Cole
- 0000-0002-9873-1391
- Mangalore, Ganesh Pai
- 0000-0002-5151-9860
- Samuel, Siby
- 0000-0002-2168-8479
- Knodler Jr, Michael
- 0000-0002-6517-4066
- Ebadi, Yalda
- 0000-0002-0871-5225
- Fisher, Donald
- 0000-0001-5994-3079
- Publication Date: 2019-3
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Digital/other
- Features: Figures; Photos; References; Tables;
- Pagination: 40p
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Age groups; Alertness; Driver experience; Driver performance; Driver training; Driving simulators; Hazards; Highway safety; Perception; Validation; Virtual reality
- Uncontrolled Terms: Hazard anticipation; Headsets
- Subject Areas: Education and Training; Highways; Safety and Human Factors;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 01706588
- Record Type: Publication
- Contract Numbers: Federal Grant No: 69A3551747131
- Files: UTC, NTL, TRIS, ATRI, USDOT, STATEDOT
- Created Date: May 28 2019 4:54PM