Simulation of pedestrian safety surrogate measures

The main purpose of this paper was to use traffic simulation models to better understand causes of pedestrian-related traffic crashes and assess selected countermeasures to enhance the safety of the public. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to document previous published work related to the use of simulation in testing the safety and operations of vehicular traffic, and pedestrians. The literature included the simulation tools of VISSIM, cellular automata micro simulation, and driving simulator. The appropriate simulation tool was selected to test the vehicle to pedestrian conflicts. The VISSIM and SSAM models were utilized to explore their abilities to provide reasonable results of surrogate safety measures. It was necessary to develop a calibrated and validated VISSIM model for the actual intersections. So eight intersections were selected from the field to collect the data and develop the VISSIM model. The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to measure the differences between the mean post-encroachment time (PET) observed in the field and the mean PET simulated in VISSIM and SSAM to get the suitable maximum time to collision time (TTC) and PET threshold for pedestrian-to-vehicle conflicts. According to the results, it is found that when the maximum TTC and PET threshold are 2.6 and 6.7 seconds, respectively, the MAPE is the lowest, indicating the best goodness-of-fit between simulated conflicts and observed conflicts. A linear regression model was used to identify whether the simulated conflicts are associated with the observed conflicts. According to the regression results, it was found that the number of simulated conflicts is significantly related to the number of observed conflicts. However, the number of simulated conflicts estimated by VISSIM model and SSAM were less than the number of conflicts observed in the field based on the regression result.

• Record URL:
  http://arrbknowledge.com
• Authors:
  • Radwan, E
  • Darius, B (
  • Wu, J
  • Abou-Senna, H
• Conference:
  • ARRB Conference, 27th, 2016, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
• Publication Date: 2016-11

Language

• English

Media Info

• Pagination: 13p
• Monograph Title: Linking people, places and opportunities: 27th ARRB Conference, 16-18 November 2016, Melbourne, Victoria

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Intersections; Microsimulation; Pedestrians; Regression analysis; Simulation; Traffic crashes; Traffic safety
• Uncontrolled Terms: Safe systems (road users)
• ATRI Terms: Crash countermeasure; Intersection; Microsimulation; Pedestrian; Regression analysis; Traffic crash
• ITRD Terms: 1661: Accident prevention; 6471: Analysis (math); 455: Junction
• Subject Areas: Data and Information Technology; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; I83: Accidents and the Human Factor;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01622881
• Record Type: Publication
• Source Agency: ARRB
• Files: ITRD, ATRI
• Created Date: Jan 24 2017 12:00PM