Geographic-Based Spray-and-Relay (GSaR): An Efficient Routing Scheme for DTNs

In this paper, the authors design and evaluate the proposed geographic-based spray-and-relay (GSaR) routing scheme in delay/disruption-tolerant networks. To the best of their knowledge, GSaR is the first spray-based geographic routing scheme using historical geographic information for making a routing decision. Here, the term spray means that only a limited number of message copies are allowed for replication in the network. By estimating a movement range of destination via the historical geographic information, GSaR expedites the message being sprayed toward this range, meanwhile prevents that away from and postpones that out of this range. As such, the combination of them intends to fast and efficiently spray the limited number of message copies toward this range and effectively spray them within range, to reduce the delivery delay and increase the delivery ratio. Furthermore, GSaR exploits delegation forwarding to enhance the reliability of the routing decision and handle the local maximum problem, which is considered to be the challenges for applying the geographic routing scheme in sparse networks. The authors evaluate GSaR under three city scenarios abstracted from real world, with other routing schemes for comparison. Results show that GSaR is reliable for delivering messages before the expiration deadline and efficient for achieving low routing overhead ratio. Further observation indicates that GSaR is also efficient in terms of a low and fair energy consumption over the nodes in the network.

• Record URL:
  • https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2331395
• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/00189545
• Supplemental Notes:
  • Abstract reprinted with permission of IEEE.
• Authors:
  • Cao, Y
  • Sun, Z
  • Wang, N
  • Riaz, M
  • Cruickshank, H
  • Liu, X
• Publication Date: 2015-4

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Web
• Pagination: pp 1548-1564
• Serial:
  • IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
  • Volume: 64
  • Issue Number: 4
  • Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • ISSN: 0018-9545
  • Serial URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=25

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Communication systems; Delays; Energy consumption; Networks; Routing; Service disruption
• Subject Areas: Data and Information Technology; Highways; Vehicles and Equipment; I90: Vehicles;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01564564
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: May 26 2015 4:12PM