The Effects of Acute Sleep Restriction on Adolescents' Pedestrian Safety in a Virtual Environment

Over 8,000 American adolescents ages 14–15 years require medical attention owing to pedestrian injury annually. Cognitive factors contributing to pedestrian safety include reaction time, impulsivity, risk taking, attention, and decision making. These characteristics are also influenced by sleep restriction. Experts recommend that adolescents obtain 8.5 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night, but most American adolescents do not. Inadequate sleep may place adolescents at risk for pedestrian injury. Using a within-subjects design, 55 14- and 15-year-olds engaged in a virtual reality pedestrian environment under two conditions, scheduled a week apart: sleep-restricted (4 hours' sleep the previous night) and adequate sleep (8.5 hours). Sleep was assessed using actigraphy and pedestrian behavior via four outcome measures: time to initiate crossing, time before contact with vehicle while crossing, virtual hits or close calls and attention to traffic (looks left and right). While acutely sleep restricted, adolescents took more time to initiate pedestrian crossings, crossed with less time before contact with vehicles, experienced more virtual hits or close calls, and looked left and right more often compared with when adequately rested. Results were maintained after controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and average total sleep duration before each condition. Adolescent pedestrian behavior in the simulated virtual environment was markedly different, and generally more risky, when acutely sleep restricted compared with adequately rested. Inadequate sleep may influence cognitive functioning to the extent that pedestrian safety is jeopardized among adolescents capable of crossing streets safely when rested. Policy decisions might be educated by these results.

• Record URL:
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.008
• Record URL:
  • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X1300373X
• Availability:
  • Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/1054139X
• Supplemental Notes:
  • Abstract reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
• Authors:
  • Davis, Aaron L
  • Avis, Kristin T
  • Schwebel, David C
• Publication Date: 2013-12

Language

• English

Media Info

• Media Type: Web
• Features: References; Tables;
• Pagination: pp 785-790
• Serial:
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
  • Volume: 53
  • Issue Number: 6
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Incorporated
  • ISSN: 1054-139X
  • Serial URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1054139X

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Adolescents; Cognition; Pedestrian movement; Pedestrian vehicle crashes; Reaction time; Risk assessment; Sleep deprivation; Virtual reality
• Subject Areas: Highways; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Safety and Human Factors; I82: Accidents and Transport Infrastructure; I84: Personal Injuries;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01514802
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Feb 21 2014 3:16PM