GROUTING COHESIONLESS WATER-BEARING SOILS IN CITY TUNNELS
EXAMPLES ARE PRESENTED OF THE USE OF GROUTING PROCESSES FOR TREATMENT OF WATER-BEARING GRANULAR SOILS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE FIELD OF UNDERGROUND WORKS PARTICULARLY IN URBAN AREAS. THE SELECTION OF THE GROUTING METHOD AND THE EXTENT OF TREATMENT REQUIRED DEPENDS ON THE NATURE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE SUBSOIL, AND WHETHER THE TREATMENT IS TO BE OF A PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY NATURE. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GROUTING ARE REVIEWED AND ECONOMIC DATA ARE DISCUSSED. THE USE OF A CEMENT-BASED, AERATED, EXPANSIVE MIX WITH SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS USED TO TREAT CALCAREOUS BOULDER-MUD-STONE AND LIMESTONE IN A PARIS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IS DESCRIBED. TREATMENT WAS PARTICULARLY DELICATE IN THE HAMBURG SUBWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WHERE THE SOILS WERE SANDY AND WITH FINE AND HOMOGENEOUS GRADINGS, AND CONSTRUCTION TOOK PLACE AT A SHALLOW DEPTH. GROUTING WAS ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT IN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN MUNICH WHERE THERE WAS THE NECESSITY TO AVOID HEAVING. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF OTHER PROJECTS IN MUNICH, FRANKFURT, VIENNA, MILAN, AND IN SERGRERA, SPAIN. IN SOME OF THESE EXAMPLES, THE GROUTING PROCESS IS AUXILIARY TO TRADITIONAL METHODS AND IN OTHERS THEY ARE PRIMARY. IT IS STRESSED THAT THE USE OF THE TECHNIQUE REQUIRES THE UTMOST CARE AND THE SKILL OF AN EXPERIENCED SPECIALIST CONTRACTOR.
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Authors:
- Haffen, M
- Janin, J
- Conference:
- Publication Date: 1972-6
Media Info
- Features: Figures; References;
- Pagination: p. 1539-68
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Serial:
- Volume: 2
Subject/Index Terms
- TRT Terms: Calcareous soils; Cement grouts; Construction; Granular soils; Groundwater; Grout; Mud; Sand; Stone; Strata; Subsoil; Subways; Till; Tunneling; Urban areas; Water table
- Uncontrolled Terms: Heaving
- Old TRIS Terms: Subway construction; Waterbearing strata
- Subject Areas: Bridges and other structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Highways; Hydraulics and Hydrology;
Filing Info
- Accession Number: 00236602
- Record Type: Publication
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Feb 27 1974 12:00AM