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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Growing concern for communities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The UK Government plans to build 200,000 new homes a year, but unless developers incorporate sustainable transport into their planning, they will add to local congestion problems. Transport 2000 has identified three transport principles for sustainable developments: they are based around a public transport framework; they contain a good balance of jobs, housing and services, reducing the need to travel elsewhere; and they are designed around pedestrian and cycle travel. The lack of sustainable planning in the development of the Thames Gateway, which runs east from London through Kent and Essex, is discussed. Planning has focused on new road developments, car parks and the Thames Gateway Bridge. The London-Stansted-Cambridge corridor is focused around the expansion of the airport as a driver of the local economy.The fight for better cycling facilities in Northamptonshire is outlined. Plans for new housing in West Wiltshire are car-dependent with housing associated with the A350. In the Milton Keynes and South Midlands Growth Area, lobbying by Friends of the Earth resulted in funding for new bus services in Leighton Buzzard and the inclusion of cyclists and pedestrians in plans for the roads to the new housing developments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2008 10:22:36 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Insurance that's miles better?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806052</link>
      <description><![CDATA[UK insurance company Norwich Union (NU) has launched a new 'pay as you drive' policy. This works by charging drivers according to when, where and how far they drive. The car owner pays an up-front premium of approximately a third of a standard policy. The rest of the bill is determined by how many miles they have driven, the types of roads they need and the time of day of the journey. NU monitors each journey using a global positioning system (GPS), which the driver pays to have installed in their car. Motorists aged 24-65 are charged 1p per mile, with higher charges in rush hours, after midnight and in urban areas. For young drivers, the rate increases to #1 per mile after 11pm. The rates were developed from the results of a 2-year pilot study involving 5000 motorists. The NU policy makes it more attractive for drivers to use their cars less. Co-op's Ecoinsurance offers a 10% discount for cars in tax band A and promises to offset 20% of the car's carbon dioxide emissions at no extra cost to the policyholder.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2008 10:22:21 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Rural buses: an endangered species?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806055</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rural bus services in the UK are under threat, with cost pressures leading to service cuts and fare increases. Research by Transport 2000 has shown that insurance costs and fuel costs are particularly important. Motoring costs have generally been falling, leading to further losses in bus use. Rural bus services are needed to access jobs and services, to bring in visitors and tourism, and to reduce congestion in country lanes and car parks. Responsibility for rural transport is split between the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Department for Transport. Demand-responsive services linked with taxis and community transport need money, and can be more expensive than conventional bus services. Good marketing can help the survival of rural bus services. The Government is reviewing bus policy and may give stronger powers for local authorities. The implications for rural bus services are unclear.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2008 10:21:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806055</guid>
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      <title>Street people</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806051</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author describes his participation in the Streets for People European study tour. In Copenhagen, Denmark, cycling is the first consideration when forming transport policy and strategy. An average of 3km of cycle track is built per year and cycling commuting levels have reached 40%. Approximately 2-3% of car parking places are removed every year and replaced with something desirable e.g. cycle parking, trees or benches. Cycling in Copenhagen is a pleasant experience. In Odense, the Danish National Cycle City, 80% of children cycle to school and the cycle network is almost complete. In Lund, Sweden, a cycle centre is attached to the train station. Cycles can be hired, parked or serviced at the centre. Bicycle carriage on trains is encouraged in Denmark and Sweden, with flexible areas for storing bikes. The author noted the almost complete absence of road markings in many places and came away from the trip with many ideas for improving the cycling culture in the UK.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2008 10:21:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806051</guid>
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      <title>Ultra-light rail: a beginner's guide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806053</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The role of ultra-light rail (ULR) in providing a sustainable public transport solution is outlined. ULR trams compete with buses and conventional trams on capital cost as they are lighter and do not need an overhead electrification system. The cost of concrete under the rails can be reduced as no insulation is needed. Water pipes and cables under the tracks do not have to be removed. Trams only use one-third as much energy as buses and can last longer while producing less noise and vibration. This allows operators to provide a low-cost, low-fare system. Trams can operate in streets where other traffic is banned. Bus travel has declined steadily in the UK, and Transport for London has had to spend vast amounts of money reversing the trend. Almost 1,000 billion litres of diesel a year for buses is subsidised.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2008 10:20:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806053</guid>
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      <title>A personal journey of travel planning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/837086</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: For 'grandmother of transport planning' Samira Ahmed, the evolution of travel planning has been a long journey, from a baptism of fire at Nottinghamshire County Council to a match made in heaven, in the corporate sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Oct 2007 09:25:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/837086</guid>
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      <title>Rural buses : an endangered species?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/807448</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Rural bus services are often a low priority for rural councils. Stephens Joseph looks at the good, the bad and the downright dismal, and finds some glimmers of hope that cost-effective public transport may return to our country lanes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 13:30:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/807448</guid>
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      <title>Ultra-light rail : a beginner's guide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/807447</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Cost-effective, low on emissions -- ultra-light rail could be the sustainable public transport solution we've all been looking for.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 13:30:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/807447</guid>
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      <title>Insurance that's miles better?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/807446</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: As Norwich Union launches the first 'pay as you drive' insurance policy, Michelle Pauli considers whether it will encourage drivers to use their cars less.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 13:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/807446</guid>
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      <title>Public transport is driving parents away</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/796412</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: A survey has found that parents with small children are turning their backs on public transport. The problems cited by respondents include lack of consideration, poor access and unsuitable facilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Jan 2007 10:05:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/796412</guid>
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      <title>The sound of the suburbs is the sound of the car</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/791812</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: A high proportion of city-dwellers live in the suburbs, but when it comes to transport policy, these areas are often overlooked. Richard Bourn introduces a new body of work by Transport 2000 bringing the suburbs into the spotlight.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Oct 2006 11:06:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/791812</guid>
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      <title>20 is plenty where people live</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/789268</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article considers a campaign in the UK to have twenty miles per hour set as the default speed limit in residential areas. Road crashes are the leading cause of mortality in children, and research has shown that excessive or inappropriate speed is a factor in 40 per cent of fatal crashes. In 20 mph zones, crashes involving children and cyclists are reduced: benefits of lower speed limits include safer streets, reduced casualties, encouragement of walking and cycling, reduced social exclusion and improved traffic flow. 20 mph zones with traffic calming are more effective than those without but traffic calming measures are expensive to instal; however, sign-only areas are found to reduce casualties. The campaign 20's Plenty! is seeking to influence a forthcoming Road Safety Bill as it passes through the government.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Sep 2006 14:04:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/789268</guid>
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      <title>20 is plenty where people live</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/779840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Nine per cent of British motorists have been penalised for speeding over the past three years. To combat Britain's speed culture, there is increasing interest in reducing the speed limit in residential areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Apr 2006 18:15:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/779840</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Children make their voices heard</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/769094</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A competition entitled 'Crossing roads: It makes me CROSS!' was run by Transport 2000 and Living Streets to find the worst road to cross in the UK. Children were asked to nominate roads they could not cross or simply hated crossing. The two winners were Hagley Road in Halesowen in the West Midlands and Walton Bridge Road in Shepperton, Surrey. The competition showed that children had to wait an average of four minutes before the road was safe to cross, that the nearest safe crossing facility was an average five minutes walk away from where children wanted to cross, and that busy roads cut youngsters off from key facilities. The characteristics of the two winning roads are outlined. A report launched by Transport 2000 and Barnardo's entitled 'Stop, Look and Listen: Children talk about traffic' concluded that children find the speed of traffic prevents them from moving around as freely as they might. Children find that many drivers are antisocial and break traffic laws. They also found it difficult to get to play areas due to busy roads with poor crossings. A 20 mph default speed limit in residential areas and near schools was recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Dec 2005 11:55:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/769094</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Expand rail to get transport moving</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/764551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Rail is at the top of the 'evolutionary tree' of public transport and should form the basis for drawing people out of cars. That's why it should be expanded. Stephen Joseph introduces the Growing the Railways Campaign, which calls for reopening lines, more stations, extra services and longer trains.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 2005 09:40:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/764551</guid>
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