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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>TRAFFIC IMPACT MITIGATION FOR NEW DEVELOPMENTS: A WAY TO REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN MAJOR CITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/693840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic impact mitigation measures can be divided into two categories: those related to land use and those related to transportation. Two case studies in Bangkok, Thailand showed that measures related to land use were effective in reducing congestion in the area surrounding a development, while traffic-related measures were useful in alleviating site-specific impacts. In the centre of Bangkok, the ineffective implementation of measures related to land was considered one of the major causes of traffic congestion. It is recommended that the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration should develop more explicit policy tools for mitigating the traffic impact of new developments.  For the covering abstract see ITRD E110069.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Oct 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>A "STEP" TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT: A CASE STUDY OF PENANG, MALAYSIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/693841</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A brief discussion of transportation issues in Penang is given with particular reference to environmental quality. Private vehicle ownership has almost doubled in the past 10 years and policy has been disproportionately skewed towards meeting unabated demands for road space. Bus use has remained constant irrespective of improvements to vehicles, partly because traffic congestion makes services unreliable. Traffic congestion has also increased air pollution, accidents and noise to unacceptable levels. The state authorities' limited policy, regulatory and financial capacity prevents them from adopting a holistic and integrated approach. Current approaches include more road building (motorways and bypasses) and providing more parking places, with insufficient attention and resources given to improving public transport. An urban transport study has been commissioned and the state has indicated that it supports sustainable development in principle. The establishment of Sustainable Transport Environment in Penang (STEP) as a community-level project is described. Its main activities have been to inform the media and citizens about sustainable transport and  promote cycling and walking. For the covering abstract see ITRD E110069.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Oct 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM: PLANNING FOR NON-MOTORIZED VEHICLES IN CITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/693842</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban transport and land use plans are discussed with reference to the metropolitan cities of South Asia. The importance of cycling and other non-motorised forms of transport in such countries is stressed but these make the traffic very heterogeneous. Growth in the ownership of  2- and 3-wheeled motorised vehicles is expected, particularly in India and China. Detailed studies in Delhi, India showed that all forms of transport use all types of roads without any segregation, except that which occurs on multi-lane roads where motorised vehicles use the right hand lane(s), in which the buses have to stop. In single lane roads where all traffic must mix, rates of flow were much slower than on multi-lane roads and the provision of cycle lanes would be advantageous. The introduction of bus lanes in Delhi was unsuccessful in the absence of cycle lanes. The benefits in reducing accidents involving vulnerable road users are outlined. The future benefits of promoting non-motorised transport are outlined. For the covering abstract see ITRD E110069.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Oct 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>AIR QUALITY IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIET NAM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/693843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A review of studies conducted by several organisations indicated that air quality in Ho Chi Minh City has deteriorated in recent years. Compared with Beijing, Tokyo, Bangkok and Manila sulphur dioxide pollution is lower but carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations are similar. Particle emissions are high and exceed those in Bangkok and Manila, and without action, lead pollution will increase. Motor vehicles are considered the main cause of air pollution in the city and this is linked with economic growth. The effects of industrial emissions are outlined. There is a lack of local studies on the effects of air pollution on health. The government response has been to prosecute or shame industries exceeding pollution limits, to move industries out of the town to industrial zones, to move dwellings away from water sources, and to improve traffic flows at major junctions by building road tunnels. Other measures suggested include introduction of unleaded petrol and cleaner fuels, introduce vehicle emission controls and catalytic converters, establish permanent pollution monitoring stations, improve air quality information, reduce congestion by more active transport planning, introduce road pricing, improve motorcycle driver training, and promote public transport.  For the covering abstract see ITRD E110069.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Oct 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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