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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>ELEKTRONISKA BILJETTSYSTEM I KOLLEKTIVTRAFIKEN [ELECTRONIC TICKETING SYSTEMS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/492947</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is the result of requests for proposal by five Public transit companies in Sweden to test various electronic ticketing systems. The report also investigates the use of an automatic vending machine for credit card use.  IN SWEDISH WITH SUMMARY IN ENGLISH]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/492947</guid>
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      <title>KOLLEKTIVTRAFIKANTERS BEHOV AV INFORMATION : EN LITTERATUR- OCH PROBLEMGENOMGANG [PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION USERS' NEED FOR INFORMATION : A SURVEY OF LITERATURE]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/492948</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is the result of an international survey of the needs of Public transit passengers. The results of the survey indicated that prior research was conducted under most varying conditions and that it was not possible to compile the results in a meaningful fashion. IN SWEDISH WITH SUMMARY IN ENGLISH]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/492948</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BEHOV AV SYSTEMERGONOMISKA INSATSER FOR TRAFIKLEDNING OCH TRAFIKANTINFORMATION INOM KOLLEKTIVTRAFIK : RAPPORT FRAN TVA STUDIER [THE NEED OF SYSTEM ERGONOMICS FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND PASSENGER INFORMATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT : TWO REPORTS]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/492949</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is an investigation of the need for human factors support in the design and passenger information systems for transit companies in Sweden. The most pressing need is for human factors support in large bus companies operating in a complex traffic environment. IN SWEDISH WITH ENGLISH SUMMARY]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/492949</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TRAFIKLEDNINGS- OCH TRAFIKANTINFORMATIONSSYSTEM. ETAPP 3, ERFARENHETER OCH SYSTEM TEST [TRAFFIC CONTROL AND PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEMS. STEP 3, EXPERIENCES AND SYSTEM TEST]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/492950</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report summarizes work previously performed in the project "traffic control and passenger information systems" and presents a final report of step 3 on experiences and system tests. Results of experiences with in- vehicle passenger information systems (displays and digitized speech) and transit priority in Europe are given. IN SWEDISH WITH SUMMARY IN ENGLISH]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/492950</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMATISK TELEFORUPPLYSNING OM BUSSTIDER [AUTOMATED TELEPHONE INFORMATION ABOUT BUS SCHEDULES]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/492951</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes a system for automatic telephone information about bus schedules in Umea, Sweden. The automatic information system provides information about the next scheduled bus departure for any bus stop in the area.  It can also provide information about departures at other times during the day and schedule departures for certain routes. Users of the system had favorable comments but found the coded questions complicated. IN SWEDISH WITH SUMMARY IN ENGLISH]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/492951</guid>
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      <title>VAGTRAFIKINFORMATION MED ENKEL TEKNIK : FORUTSATTNINGAR -FORSTUDIE [ PROVISION OF ROAD TRAFFIC INFORMATION BY THE USE OF UNCOMPLICATED METHODS : A PILOT STUDY]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/493458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main purpose of this project is to create a basis for an evaluation of the importance of traffic information in areas with moderate traffic intensity.  Discusses suitable methodologies for such an evaluation.  Data on travel patterns by car is analyzed to obtain an indication of trip frequency for drivers and their exposure in a variety of traffic environments.  Types of information during different phases of a trip are also discussed.  The report also gives an overview of the current status concerning traffic information systems.  IN SWEDISH WITH ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/493458</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PEAK/OFF-PEAK PRICING IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT. SOME EXPERIENCES FROM TWO SWEDISH COUNTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364654</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In two Swedish counties public transport introduced peak/off-peak pricing in 1985.  The ordinary monthly season tickets were supplemented by a special monthly ticket valid for off-peak travel.  About 20% of travelers with monthly season tickets bought this special ticket.  This reduced revenues by about 7%.  If revenues from monthly tickets account for 2/3 of total revenues, the drop in total revenues was 4-5%.  With a transfer of 5-10% from peak-hour to off-peak travelling, there was a (long-run) saving of 4-5%.  As taxes cover more than 50% of the costs, i.e. costs are twice as high as revenues, savings were at least of the same magnitude as the drop in revenues.  The total number of passengers increased by a few per cent. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364654</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DRIVERS' DECISION-MAKING CONCERNING DRIVING IN CONNECTION WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. A QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364655</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the present study was to investigate factors which influence drivers' decision-making concerning driving after consumption of alcohol.  A questionnaire about previous behavior, attitudes, norms, knowledge, and experiences related to drunken driving was distributed to a sample of 4000 Swedish car owners.  About 2500 questionnaires were returned.  Data analyses included comparisons of drivers with different experiences of drunken driving, the testing of a causal model of different factors affecting drivers' decision making, and a description of different strategies for reaching decisions as to whether or not to drive after drinking.  The results show that intoxicated drivers are chiefly young men who frequently consume alcohol.  They drive drunk in spite of the fact that they consider the behavior to be wrong and that they have good knowledge about the effects of alcohol and about legal sanctions.  Most drivers, including the young ones, know how many drinks they can have without exceeding the legal limit, but they allow themselves to drink considerably less or nothing at all before driving. In situations where they do drive intoxicated, the need for transport is great while the risk of detection and accident is believed to be small. (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364655</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DIRECTING TRAFFIC TO CAR PARKS. A PRELIMINARY STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364656</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main purpose of the project has been to examine the possibilities of directing drivers to car parks in city centres by using adjustable information signs at strategic points in the route network.  The pilot study summarizes current experience of the so-called Park Guidance system in Europe.  Current and new information technology that could be used has been investigated.  Available literature on implemented systems has been studied and a study trip made to Germany.  A preliminary design for a system for the city centre of Lund in Sweden has been prepared.  Experience in Europe has shown that traffic searching for a parking place and queueing are reduced when a Park Guidance system is used.  The car parks are better used and the level of occupancy normally increases.  The systems benefit drivers, the environment, and car-park owners.  The technical equipment is simple and can be made from common, well-tested parts.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364656</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METHANE PROPELLED URBAN BUSES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364657</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Methane, either as natural gas or as processed bio-gas, is one of the energy alternatives that has attracted interest as a possible fuel for urban buses.  The reasons for this are the great potential for "clean" exhaust and the competitive fuel price.  Three Swedish local authorities have made preliminary studies of the consequences of using methane to fuel buses.  Bio-gas is the most interesting long-term possibility, but in Gothenburg and Lund the intention is to start using natural gas, as this option is already available there.  Linkoeping is interested in starting a test with a limited number of bio-gas buses. The three local authority preliminary studies have been brought together.  The Swedish Transport Research Board - TFB - has financed parts of the Gothenburg and Linkoeping studies. The Lund local authoriy and the project manager have kindly made the Lund study available for this composite report.  By reading the three preliminary studies together, it is possible to obtain a clear picture of what bus operation with methane in Sweden would imply.  It is demonstrated that methane operation is technically possible and that costs would be slightly higher than for today's diesel (oil) operation.  Large-scale implementation would require a few years to introduce, but the environmental gains would be great.  Gas operation would mean a "cultural change", but this can be handled by means of information and training. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364657</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RIGHT TO LOCAL DECISION MAKING FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN PAUTRAESK VILLAGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364666</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of the project was to improve the traffic standard in rural areas without increasing costs.  The method used in this project was to give a local organization in the village of Pautraesk all the financial resources related to local traffic and complete freedom of decision as to all aspects of public transport in and to the village.  The results were merely minor changes in traffic.  These small changes are experienced more positively than one might suspect from the changes in travel demand.  The village now has better traffic with better vehicles at lower cost than before.  One of the most important experiences from the project is that local organizations can be used as consultants to improve supplementary transport services. Such a service is scheduled but only operated when a passenger wants to travel.  This is thus an inexpensive way of improving the standard of traffic without increasing costs. (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364666</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF A QUEUE WARNING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364667</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this project a queue warning system in a tunnel with a short visibility distance has been evaluated.  The warning is displayed on signs at the entrance of the tunnel.  When queue detectors at the exit of the tunnel are occupied, the warning signs are lit.  The ramp in the central part of Stockholm, where the warning system has been installed, has achieved very high traffic security.  Analyses show that the warning system paid for itself during the first year. (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364667</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DUAL MODE BUSES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364643</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Dual Mode Buses with combined trolley and diesel propulsion, i.e. buses with two propulsion systems that can be used independently of each other, have been regarded by many as corresponding to the environmental requirements for public transport in city areas.  The Dual Mode Bus is however substantially more expensive and, in addition, the trolley infrastructure means a large investment.  Two questions require answers: (1) Is it possible to design a simple and cheaper technique without reducing performance? (2) How large is a predicted Swedish Dual Mode Bus market and would the bus price be favourable thanks to large production volumes? The first question is answered by the authors of the first part of the report, which is a preliminary study of an earlier released and now further developed technical idea.  From the study it may be seen that hydraulic transmission of the driving power, when operating under overhead wire, might be a simplification and lead to lower prices.  The second part of the report summarizes a questionnaire distributed to a number of major Swedish public transport companies.  It appears from this that the market situation requires a careful attitude and that production volumes for the time being may be expected to be low.  The same is true if the cheaper bus was made available on the market.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364643</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIELD TESTS WITH THE CUMOLO SYSTEM - A BRAKE ENERGY RECOVER SYSTEM FOR BUSES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364644</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Over the period 1984-89, 27 Swedish buses with Cumulo brake energy recovery systems have been tested in regular service. Characteristics studied are fuel saving, reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, technical reliability and attitudes.  Broad field tests were judged to be the only way to achieve representative performance results.  The basic performance was studied under idealized, reproducible conditions at closed test tracks. Fuel saving was recorded as between 8 and 21%, depending on the driving conditions. Separate recordings from individual buses have indicated fuel savings of between 12 and 27%.  An important observation is that greatly disturbed traffic conditions lead to less fuel saving than traffic with frequent stops but high intermediate top speeds.  A general conclusion is that the amount of harmful emissions is proportional to the fuel saving.  Technical reliability was not acceptable unless it was gradually improved during the tests.  Noise caused special problems. As a consequence of this, a new and considerably more reliable version of the Cumulo system was designed.  This in now undergoing tests in a new project. Attitudes to the system have partly been influenced by the technical shortcomings but also by the positive environmental and energy properties.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364644</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PERSONAL CONVEYORS AS A LOCAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM - A CHANGE IN THE LAND USE OF RESIDENTAL AREAS. A PRELIMINARY STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364646</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This preliminary study describes and examines the concept of a new kind of local transport system that makes it possible to remove car traffic from the vicinity of housing.  The technology will not be presented in this report but the system could be described as a personal conveyor or a "horizontal lift", which will connect a housing area to its parking areas and ordinary public transport.  These functions are located on less valuable land on the outskirts of the zone, which prevents buses and cars from intruding on human activities.  The object of the study is a housing area, built in the 60's in a Swedish town with a population of 110000.  Natural vegetation and cultivated grounds can dominate the space between the houses.  The study shows that by introducing the "horizontal lifts" here, a 30% increase in green areas can be gained at the expense of asphalt.  It also shows that the housing can be condensed on 80% of the original floor area (8% of the land area).  The equivalent amount of housing constructed on untouched land would occupy an area approximately two thirds of the present area.  A calculation using today's figures for land prices in this town shows that this would cost about SEK 100m.  According to this study each kilometer of carriageway releases construction ground to the value of SEK 20m. (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364646</guid>
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