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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT IN BRAZIL. CHARACTERISTICS AND PROBLEMS OF A BRAZILIAN NETWORK: THE SITUATION IN MACEIO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/204158</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The first article gives a general outline of the question of urban transport in Brazil, and describes policy development in this field over the last few years, stressing recent trends and present needs.  The second article concentrates on the situation in Maceio, a specific example which illustrates the special problems of medium-size Brazilian towns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/204158</guid>
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      <title>COLLECTION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/79953</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The collection of school children is carried out by road public transport services (96%) and by railway (3%).  This article investigates the importance of school children collection, its financing (65% subsidized by the government; the remaining 35% is supplied by the communities and the children's families).  Tariffs are discussed together with the safety of the children for which regulations are now being prepared.  /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Dec 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/79953</guid>
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      <title>REGIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT: COACH OR RAILCAR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167947</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author uses two examples in which projected costs were studied in detail.  Taken from the public transport plan for the central region in France, these examples illustrate a method of modal choice.  The comparative study demonstrates that in fact coach and railcar when appropriately utilised, are rarely competitive.  Each has its own field of use, characterised by distance, number of users, and quality of the routes.  Added to this, the comparison of transport costs shows that these two modes are more interdependent than rival.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jul 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167947</guid>
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      <title>SPECIAL NUMBER ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/179800</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This special number is devoted to urban public transport and takes into account the main points of the present policy, e.g. energy conservation, improvement in the quality of life of city dwellers, limitation of public expenditure.  The articles contained in this number are as follows: Quality of life and public transport (Colli, JC); The new regime applicable to local public transport services (Ballot,MO); Information to users and the general public on public transport (Jelocha,B); Promotion of car pooling (Dekkers,MA); Toulon: control of bus services (Martin,C); Taxis in the Ile-de-France (Gadenne,S); Ecomonic efficiency of urban public transport networks; Results of a survey on 13 networks (Gascon,V and Salandre, B); Economic efficiency in public transport firms (Rochefort,M).  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/179800</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EUROPE - JAPAN: URBAN AUTOMATIC GUIDED SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/179837</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes research projects on automatic guided systems in Europe (France and Germany) and in Japan. Research was subsidized by ministries from the beginning of the 1970's with a view to developing new urban public transport modes with their exclusive rights of way. The projects have reached the stage where these systems that offer a high level of service but the construction of which can meet with financial or socio-political problems, have to be implemented. The first part of the 1980's will be a decisive period since the first commercial experiments will be carried out. Following a brief description of the principle of operation of each system, current and future projects are mentioned. Germany has built large experimental centres and has conducted several studies of the insertion of these new systems in towns, but for the present, only the "H-bahn" has been implemented for a short term. In France, the VAL is under construction in Lille, POMA 2000 will soon be started in Laon, and further in the future ARAMIS could be built on a section of line on the periphery of Paris. Japan has just put into service (March 1981) its first two automatic systems: the KNT at Kobe and the NTS in Osaka.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/179837</guid>
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      <title>USSR: URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT, SUCCESS AND DIFFICULTIES OF LARGE-SCALE PLANNING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/179838</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Using Moscow and Kiev as examples, the author describes the characteristics of the large-scale planning of urban transport systems in towns of several million inhabitants where public transport is practically the only means of transport. Transport planning is very closely linked with town planning which follows a few simple principles and requires a great deal of space. To keep pace with the extremely rapid urban growth, the authorities responsible must set up large scale systems according to modal hierarchy (buses, trolleybuses, tramways, underground railways). Solutions were devised to fulfil the extremely large demand, particularly at peak hours: trolleybuses with trailer, rapid tramways, or frequent underground trains. In spite of large efforts to improve productivity, problems of staff and rolling stock occurred. Particular attention is given to electric modes because of environmental and energy conservation considerations. It is concluded that, even if public transport services do not appear to be very sophisticated generally in the level of service they offer, they are however impressive as regards their scale and the way they fulfil the present needs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/179838</guid>
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      <title>PROMOTION OF CAR POOLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/179839</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Car pooling is a solution frequently applied to solve problems of urban congestion and energy conservation. This article summarizes the US experience of promoting car pooling (methods of promotion, main promoters, methods used to encourage employees and limits of action). This experience is transposed to a French environment and to the possible promotion of car pooling by the public authorities. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/179839</guid>
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      <title>TOULON: CONTROL OF BUS SERVICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/179840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The quality of a public transport network depends mainly on the routes it covers and the frequency of the services, its adaptation to the needs of the population, respect of timetables, and regularity of the services. If the service is irregular, bus users will return to private transport. It was decided to improve the operation of the bus services in Toulon and in particular to set up a system for controlling the level of service of the buses. This article explains how improvements were achieved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/179840</guid>
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      <title>SOME RESULTS OF FOLLOW-UP STUDIES OF THE OPENING OF THE LYON AND MARSEILLE UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/174607</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The opening in 1978 of the Lyon and Marseille underground railways was an important event liable to lead to modifications in the evolution of a number of parameters. A study was undertaken: (1) to investigate the modifications that occurred due to the important change in the supply of public transport; (2) to improve the efficiency of the existing system; (3) to define the actions to be set up; (4) and to consider the financial implications.  This article summarizes the main results of these studies and highlights the similarities between Lyon and Marseille as regards patronage of the new transport systems.  The population's attitude was somewhat reticent before the opening, but since the latter the new mode has been very much appreciated, and the extensions due to be opened and improvements to the surface transport network are awaited impatiently. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 May 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/174607</guid>
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      <title>SURVEYS AND FOLLOW-UP STUDIES OF PUBLICITY CAMPAIGNS PROMOTING TRANSPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80301</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Numerous towns in France are in the process of reorganising their bus network and want to know the reactions of the population and to estimate expected patronage.  IRT conducted some surveys and, based on their results, it was decided that surveys are a very efficient method of helping in the selection of a system.  Various types of survey are discussed, and examples of surveys carried out in Toulouse, Besancon, Sceaux and Grenoble are given.  /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 Feb 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/80301</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>POINT OF VIEW: PRIORITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AT JUNCTION TRAFFIC LIGHTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/152702</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After recalling the aims of bus traffic, the author proposes a method of evaluating the results obtained.  He suggests that priority equipment should be studied to determine both the objective parameters (journey time, regularity of buses) and the attitudes of users (of public transport and cars).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Dec 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/152702</guid>
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      <title>LIGHTWEIGHT BICYCLES OR MOTORCYCLES: SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF THIS MEANS OF TRANSPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/85521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author deals with the specific character of the users who are of an extremely diverse nature, ranging from children and adolescents who are not of age and do not have the financial resources to own a car, to people to whom the bicycle or motorcycle constitutes a basic element in their mode of life.  On the other hand, there is the question of the specific character of the uses: urban journeys, for door-to-door transport, for use in areas where houses are spread over a large area as a replacement for public transport, for the service of equipment.  The author discusses the specific behaviour character and the specific character of accidents.  Finally problems of safety and the satisfaction which users may attain from this mode of transport are discussed. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/85521</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TAXIS: A PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODE OF INCREASING IMPORTANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/85529</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the course of recent years, the bus has suffered a certain decline compared to the taxi.  The author studies the new services supplied by taxis, such as those in London, New York, Hong Kong.  Certain taxi operating companies have succeeded in outwitting the regulations governing taxis, to offer new types of services.  Thus, taxi pirates have made their appearance.  Transport on demand or 'dial-a-ride' system, such as the 'busphone', although little used in Europe, has spread in the United States, but the system appears to be a costly one.  The shared taxi, a controversial system, which is well established in the cities of Central America and the middle east, is generally forbidden in Europe and the USA.  Taxis play an increasingly large role in urban transport but one important problem remains: that of the regulation of the number of taxis. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/85529</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN RURAL AREAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/152616</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sparsely populated rural areas are the object of large-scale operations carried out with the hope of giving a boost to their economy.  As regards public transport, it is necessary to find formulae facilitating internal travel as well as linking them with other regions.  The role of public transport services should be to instil life in these regions and to integrate them in the environment.  The author describes the state of the art of public transport: road or rail infrastructures may be satisfactory but closing of lines has cut off some areas.  Local initiatives to ease travel are noted for their increase and diversity.  In conclusion three main objectives are outlined: to guarantee great technical flexibility, to adapt services to local needs, and to give local communities every means of decision making and control.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/152616</guid>
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      <title>PUBLIC PARTICIPATION: TRANSPORT PLAN FOR SWINDON (UK)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/152618</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The originality of the public participation programme for the swindon region resides in the intervention of the public at different stages of the transport plan study, and not afterwards.  The comments expressed have thus been integrated into the solution recommended by the working party.  The organisation of a travelling exhibition using A reply-questionnaire, as well as a transportation planning kit, allowing local associations to develop their own transport plan, thus constitutes several novel aspects of the study.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/152618</guid>
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