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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Pilot Demonstration of Web-Based Loading Zone Reservation System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786656</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the pilot demonstration carried out in 2004 for testing a web-based system for the reservation of loading zones in congested areas of cities.  The system was tested in the center of Dos Hermanas, a large town located in the Sevilla Metropolitan Area in Spain.   The initial situation of the freight delivery in the center of the town is described, as well as the position of the main stakeholders with respect to the pilot demonstration.  The description of the web application, as well as the results obtained in the pilot demonstrations and the corresponding conclusions are also presented.  The paper will show how the implementation of such a system is perfectly feasible in congested urban areas, as long as the enforcement scenario prevents carriers from parking illegally in the area surrounding their final destination.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786656</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluating Toll Measures on Urban Expressways Considering the Behaviour of Several Stakeholders Associated with Urban Freight Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786635</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examined a methodology for evaluating city logistics schemes while considering the behavior of several stakeholders associated with urban freight transport.  The authors considered five stakeholders of administrators, residents, shippers, freight carriers and urban expressway operators.  The authors assumed that they behaved on the basis of their own criteria for evaluating the effects of city logistics schemes, and organized the interaction among these stakeholders.  The authors performed a simulation on test road network that investigated the implementation of city logistics schemes.  The city logistics schemes that the authors focused were the tolling of urban expressways.  The results indicate that reducing tolls to half-price could be effective and favorable for several stakeholders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786635</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Intermodal Transport and City Logistics Policies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786599</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the 1990s, international supply chains have experienced tremendous progress owing to changes in the division of labor and the globalization of the economy.  In order to enjoy the benefits of free trade, intermodal freight transport system is advocated and introduced to provide efficient just-in-time door-to-door long-distance services in a more environmental-friendly manner.  This paper aims to build a research framework on intermodal transport in the context of city logistics.  The paper tries to clarify the relationship of intermodal transport and city logistics through a comparative discussion of the intermodal transport share, intermodal and city logistics policies, and governmental initiatives in the European Union (EU), the United States and the Asian region.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786599</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Data Collection for Modelling, Evaluating and Benchmarking City Logistics Schemes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Data collection is essential for modeling, evaluating and benchmarking city logistics measures.  The recent developments of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) enables very good data of vehicle operation in urban areas to be obtained.  This paper discusses data acquisition for city logistics modeling as well as data sharing within the framework of public-private partnerships.  Performance indicators and benchmarking is also presented using these data on urban freight transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786598</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Recent Advances in City Logistics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban freight transport has become an essential issue in urban planning.  There are many challenges and problems relating to increasing levels of traffic congestion, negative environmental impacts and energy consumption.  To cope with these complicated problems, new city logistics schemes are required that are aimed at increasing the efficiency of urban freight transport systems as well as reducing traffic congestion and impacts on the environment.  Recent developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Intelligent transportation Systems (ITS) help tackle these difficult problems.  As well, the corporate social responsibility of shippers and freight carriers promotes public-private partnerships in urban freight transport planning.  This book is an outcome of the Fourth International Conference on City Logistics held in Langkawi, Malaysia in 2005 organized by the Institute for City Logistics.  The book includes recent developments in the modeling, evaluation and planning of city logistics schemes.  Since city logistics measures have already been implemented in several cities, a review of the performance of these innovative schemes is presented.  As well, an overview of the data collection for modeling, evaluating and benchmarking city logistics schemes and intermodal freight transport for city logistics is given.  Recent developments and applications of ITS in city logistics are also covered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786479</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Conceptual Framework for Solving the Multiple Depot Probabilistic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MDPVRPTW)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786666</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The multi depot probabilistic vehicle routing problem with time windows (MDPVRPTW) is a very challenging combinational optimization problem.  The problem is prevalent in all large pick-up and delivery logistics system.  No single efficient algorithm for MDVRPTW is available in the literature.  In this study, the problem is formulated as a mixed integer-linear program with the constraints of vehicle capacity, time windows, and stochastic demand.  It is solved with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain a near-optimal solution.  Starting with the initial feasible set of solutions, the algorithm improves the solutions using reproduction, crossover and mutation operators to finally reach at a near optimal solution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786666</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cost Structure of Highway Construction and Maintenance: How Should We Levy Taxes on Freight Vehicles?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786638</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recently, government and logistics service providers have established advanced logistics systems that meet sophisticated and diversified demands of city logistics.  It is necessary to introduce a principle of cost sharing among the infrastructure users in order to accomplish efficiency in logistics activities and to improve the environment.  In this paper, the authors aim to estimate the cost structure and cost responsibility for each automobile type on highway investment.  Based on the estimation results, the authors attempt to determine appropriate tax levels to be paid by highway users including freight vehicles from the perspective of social welfare.  As a policy implication in city logistics, the authors describe the required adjustments that have to be undertaken to change the current automobile-related tax and charging policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786638</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>City Logistics in China: An Overview</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786658</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper focuses on some practices that have been carried out regarding freight transport and city logistics in China over the last few years.  The background, problems and special issues are addressed in this paper to identify what initiatives and institutions are unique to China ad common to other countries.  The existing policy framework concerning freight transport and logistics industry implemented in China is presented from a broader perspective in this paper.  The Methodology of city logistics is outlined and followed by a case study of the Pudong New Area.  Finally, the paper closes with a demonstration of lessens learned from past and practices and approaches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786658</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Experimental Study on the Performance of Probabilistic Vehicle Routing and Scheduling with ITS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786602</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a Probabilistic Vehicle Routing and scheduling Problems with Time Windows (VRPTW-P) model which takes into account the uncertainty of travel times.  Probe vehicle data of travel times were obtained from the usual operation of pickup-delivery trucks in the South Osaka area.  The optimal solution of the VRPTW-P model resulted in reducing total costs, running times and CO(2) NOx and PM emissions compared with usual operations.  This is attributed to better routing of VRPTW-P to choose more reliable roads.  Therefore, VRPTW-P can contribute to the establishment of efficient and environmentally friendly delivery systems in urban areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786602</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Retailer’s Distribution and Local Time Window Policies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786662</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In spite of local authorities’ increasing use of time windows, knowledge about their effects on distribution, costs, and the environment is only limited.  This paper presents a multiple case study of ten retail chains in order to examine the effects of time windows.  In a scenario analysis, the study varies the length of time windows and the number of cities in which time windows are used.  The findings show that time windows have a negative impact on retailers’ distribution costs and a negative environmental impact as well.  These effects increase substantially as more cities are affected by time windows ad as the time windows get tighter.  Retailers that make multiple drops per roundtrip are affected most by an increase in time window pressure.  Gradually increasing time windows (in which the size of the window increases with a decrease in the city size), perform better than nation wide uniform time windows, for both the retailer and the environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786662</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Efforts to Make Distribution and Transportation More Efficient Through Cooperation Amongst Japanese Companies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786649</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents details of surveys relating to various cooperative efforts that Japanese companies are making to improve their distribution and transport efficiency, based on information collected through mail inquiries and direct interviews.  It identifies the typical patterns which fall into two broad categories, horizontal cooperation patterns and vertical cooperation patterns.  It identifies four key factors which can help improve cooperation:  adjusting delivery conditions, sharing information, reconsidering trade terms, and cooperating with carriers and governments.  These cooperative efforts generally reduce truck traffic and thus are good for the urban environment.  Collaboration amongst shippers, logistics service providers and governments is vital in order to promote the efficiency of delivery and transportation systems as well as the development of the city logistics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786649</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mars – A Programming Language for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786601</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicle routing problems (VR)P are very difficult combinatorial problems which in practice often require modifications of existing algorithms and development of new ideas in order to obtain suitable solutions within acceptable solutions within acceptable periods of time.  The programming lingual Mars with routing oriented built-in data types and instructions has been conceived in such a way as to enable fast development and testing of constructive and heuristic algorithms intended for solving the VRP group of problems.  Development of the language has been directed towards easier writing of (meta) heuristic algorithms, distributed and parallel execution of the algorithms in the cluster/grid environment and assistance in practical VRP problem solving.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786601</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Logistics Performance for Freight Mode Choice at an Intermodal Terminal</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786613</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a framework to evaluate the logistics performance for freight mode choice.  Fuzzy set theory is applied to the development of a set of performance based attributes such as logistics costs, quality, reliability and security of service.  The proposed measurement aims to address human judgment with a mathematical representation.  The relationship between logistics management, mode choice performance and intermodal transport implication are investigated.  The results indicate the integrated assessment of the logistics performance with the multi-dimensions is desirable.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786613</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Influence of Transportation Network Reliability on City Logistics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786607</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is looking at evaluating the influence of the urban road network reliability on the operational reliability of urban logistics.  Particular aspects of transport network reliability are outlined in relation to connectivity, capacity and transit time.  A reliability matrix simulation model has been developed and some applications are presented herein.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786607</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of a Freight Auction in an Urban Transport Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/786614</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the application of an electronic auction system in urban freight transport systems.  The aim is to evaluate the effect of an auction system on the urban freight transport system as a whole and on the individual stakeholders involved.  To estimate these effects a hypothetical network is constructed which includes two shippers and two carriers and a number of random customers that have to be serviced.  Three scenarios are modeled in order to evaluate the effects of auction systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/786614</guid>
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