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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Use of plastic waste in materials for road pavement construction and improved subgrade</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents research on the possible use of recycled synthetic materials (plastics) in production of new asphalt mixtures and cement-bound materials intended as road pavement layers or improved subgrade. From technical and economic perspective, plastic waste constitutes an alternative source of materials that may, after adequate processing, replace classic materials used in road construction. The first stage of the research encompassed tests of bitumen containing dissolved plastic and tests of plastic aggregate, including comparison of the obtained results with current requirements for materials used in asphalt layers. Tests were also performed on an asphalt mixture in which mineral aggregate had been replaced with recycled plastic aggregate. The second stage of the research encompassed strength tests and frost resistance tests of cement-bound materials containing an addition of plastic waste. Possibilities and limitations of use of such materials were analyzed. The obtained results indicated that it is possible to use plastic waste in materials intended for road pavement layers and improved subgrade. Considerable economic and environmental benefits were noted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043522</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Main girder deformation functions from service life of composite bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper deals with the investigation of the concrete creep function on the basis of changes in the deformation of the main girder of a bridge. Changes in deformation at a few selected instants in the service life of the bridge are used for this purpose. In the case of composite girders an implicit link between creep and the geometrical parameters of the cross section is indicated. Differences in geometrical parameters are demonstrated using as examples steel bridges and concrete bridges built of precast beams. It is shown the two types of structures can be analysed using the same algorithm presented in this paper. The function obtained on the basis of the deformation of the structure is compared with the creep function. The comparative analysis shows that other factors connected with concrete rheology and climate change occur in the creep function. The erection scheme, construction operations and operational effects in the form of repeated variable loads can have a considerable impact. Of major assistance in representing the deformation function is its strong similarity to the curvature change function. The results of monitoring by means of geodetic surveying are helpful in such analyses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043521</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Potential alkaline reactivity of sands from domestic deposits</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043520</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sand used as fine aggregate in concrete may, under unfavorable environmental conditions, cause alkali-silica reaction and the consequent deterioration of durability and functional properties of concrete. The aim of this work is to compare alkali-silica reactivity of 18 natural sands of various origin. The potential reactivity of sands was tested according to the procedures PB/1/18 and PB/3/18 established in the Technical Guidelines issued by the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways. Mineral composition of aggregate was analyzed in order to identify reactive minerals. Mortar bar expansion tests and microscopic analyses of the products of alkali-silica reaction were performed. The research indicated that 6 (33%) out of 18 tested aggregates should be classified as “moderately reactive” and 12 (67%) aggregates should be classified as “non-reactive”. It was demonstrated that the origin of sand affects its susceptibility to alkali-silica reaction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043520</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of causes of damage to single-layer concrete highway pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043519</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Premature damage to the concrete pavement of a trunk road section after 15 years of its service life was noticed. The damage manifested itself in cracking along transverse joints and in the corners of slabs. Diagnostic investigations, covering a petrographic analysis of concrete and mineral aggregates by means of optical and scanning microscopy, an evaluation of the elastic properties, the degree of cracking and air-void parameters and an identification of the alkali-silica reaction products, were carried out on core samples. Multiple cracks in coarse quartzite aggregate particles and in cement matrix were found. A significant presence of microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline quartz in quartzite particles was detected. Typical alkali-silica reaction products were unambiguously identified. The considerable cracking and the substantial decrease in the modulus of elasticity were correlated with the presence of reactive quartz in the quartzite aggregate and the alkali-silica reaction was found to be the main cause of the damage. Additional damaging factors, such as heavy traffic loads and frost aggression, are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043519</guid>
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      <title>The effect of the mixing method of the addition of Gilsonite natural bitumen on asphalt mixture properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents the results of laboratory tests performed on asphalt concrete mixtures modified with addition of Gilsonite natural bitumen (4% content in the weight of binder). Gilsonite was introduced into asphalt concrete using two methods: wet mixing and dry mixing. The laboratory tests encompassed determination of stiffness modulus in indirect tensile test, stiffness modulus in static creep test and resistance to water and frost. Based on statistical analysis of the obtained results, significance of differences was evaluated for the parameters of asphalt concrete modified with addition of Gilsonite (both wet-mixed and dry-mixed) and an unmodified reference mixture. It was determined that the method ("wet" or "dry") of mixing Gilsonite into the analyzed asphalt concrete mixture does not have a significant effect on the values of stiffness modulus in IT-CY test, static creep test stiffness modulus or the indirect tensile strength ratio ITSR.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043518</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Water absorption kinetics of bitumen modified cement mortars</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043517</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concrete permeability is a major factor that affects durability and reliability of structures – bridges, tunnels, culvert pipes, etc. It is important to identify effective methods of protection of such structures against water penetration, for example by using a modifying substance. Samples of cement mortar composites were used for water absorption simulation. Bitumen emulsion was used as a modifying agent. According to the water absorption kinetics, the following parameters of the pore microstructure of the mortar composite were estimated: the index of mean size of open capillary pores, closed porosity, and the index of size uniformity. The research has shown that the addition of bitumen emulsion decreases the pore space and macrocapillaries (from 23.91% to 6.61%), water absorption (3 times), and the index of mean size of open capillary pores (from 0.69 to 0.3) of modified mortars.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043517</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Finite element and fatigue analysis of flexible pavements based on temperature profile modeling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043515</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effect of temperature on asphalt pavement structure is of great importance due to the nature of binder used in the asphalt layers. An equivalent temperature is commonly applied to eliminate the effect of temperature dependence in calculations of mechanical properties of the asphalt and of the pavement. Equivalent temperatures, applied as constant values, are supposed to have the same effect on fatigue behavior of the pavement in the period of one year as the real varying weather conditions. The aim of the presented research was to compare the behavior of the pavement under realistic temperature data throughout a single year with the results of the traditional pavement design method. Temperature data were obtained from a previously established weather station. Binder viscosity and asphalt dynamic modulus were defined based on the temperature profile for asphalt layers divided into 19 sublayers. This subdivision was introduced to better reflect the changes in strength characteristics of the asphalt layers along the depth of the structure. Comparison with the simple calculation using the equivalent temperature method showed that the detailed model outlined in this paper can provide better prediction of the overall pavement structural capacity. The focus of this study is to apply asphalt layer discretization to reflect temperature variation and its influence on changes in strength properties of asphalt mixtures. Temperature at each sublayer was estimated using the German specification, dynamic modulus was determined using the Witczak model, and the structural analysis was performed employing the finite element method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043515</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Examination of the deformation of an animal overpass soil-steel structure by means of geodetic measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The algorithm presented in this paper processes data in the form of the coordinates of points located on the shell’s circumferential section, obtained from geodetic measurements. The change in curvature is a geometric parameter used to study the deformation of the shell in a corrugated steel buried structure and to estimate the bending moment and hence the normal stress in the corrugated plate. The results of exemplary calculations of the analysed structure show that places with extreme values can be determined in this way. For this purpose a dense grid of measuring points needs to be created using precision land surveying. For stress estimation it is essential to correct the geodetic measurements base since the points in the initial measurement do not lie on the circular sector used as a reference line for determining the deformation of the shell.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Review of subgrade bearing capacity tests for airfield pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043514</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents issues pertaining to assessment of subgrade bearing capacity for airfield pavements and methods of assessment of natural (turf) airfield surfaces. The presented set of available test methods enables determination of geotechnical parameters of airfield subgrades. Current requirements for bearing capacity of natural airfield pavements and subgrades for artificial airfield pavements are given. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests are analyzed in greater detail. Based on the performed own research, it was observed that in the case of soils of uncertain nature (sandy/silty) the force-penetration curve differed from the curves obtained for other soils. Methodology for proper interpretation of the results of such test was proposed. The work also includes verification of the relationship between the value of external load acting on the sample and the obtained CBR value.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043514</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Estimation of traffic flow using measurements of road surface vibrations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road traffic parameters in a selected road cross-section can be measured using various techniques. Such measurements can be made in the visible wave band, the audible frequency band or they can be based on vibrations. Most vibrations in the roadway are generated by vehicles moving in a traffic flow. This paper presents a simplified way of traffic flow measurement based on an analysis of road surface vibrations generated by vehicles. The vibrations originating from individual vehicles depend on the latter’s specifications and technical condition, as well as on the road’s pavement type, design class and condition. As part of this research an attempt at the parametrization of the traffic flow in a selected road cross-section was made using a road surface vibration analysis method. For this purpose a prototype measuring system equipped with an ADLX335 accelerometer was built. Road pavement vibration measurements acquired in this way were collated with measurement data obtained from a manual traffic recorder. The results show that the presented method is suitable for road traffic flow estimation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparison of safety barrier parameters in the case of double impact at the same location</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971092</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article describes the double impact of a 900-kg passenger vehicle against a steel safety barrier at the same spot. The crash tests were carried out by the IBDiM Crash Test Team at the test site in Inowroclaw. The first crash test was carried out on a new steel safety barrier. The second test was performed on the same barrier, damaged in the first impact. The tests reflected situations encountered on the roads when a safety barrier remains unrepaired for a certain time and another accident occurs. Acceleration severity index (ASI) and theoretical head impact velocity (THIV) were chosen as quantitative measures of the consequences of the impact. The analysis of the parameters obtained from both tests showed that the road steel safety barrier retained its safety level after being hit twice by a passenger vehicle. Based on the observations from crash tests of passenger vehicles with safety barriers, the consequences of such collisions in terms of barrier performance often do not require immediate repairs of the deformed barriers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Jul 2022 14:18:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971092</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Expert evaluation of road infrastructure management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971091</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A dense and modern road network determines the proper functioning of trade in economically developed countries. The aim of this article is to assess the influence of individual road infrastructure components on their performance in terms of traffic flow. To obtain a complete and comprehensive description of the problem, a mixed method of quantitative data analysis was used based on available statistical databases including information on linear and nodal infrastructure operating in the European Union. In light of the problem under consideration, a multi-stage statistical analysis was conducted. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to assess the heterogeneity of the data and estimate the parameters of the models to explain the various components of road infrastructure performance. In turn, based on the k-means classification analysis, groups of EU countries differing in road network performance were identified. The results indicated that the extracted road network factors contribute to improving the performance of road infrastructure in its various study areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 2022 13:34:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971091</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quality control of Traffic Speed Deflectometer measurements on road network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971090</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bearing capacity of pavement structures is treated as an essential element of maintenance planning on the level of road network. Considering deflections as a direct indication of pavement bearing capacity enables precise and effective evaluation of the entire road network and its individual sections. In order to evaluate the parameter correctly, it is necessary to employ an effective measurement method and ensure the best possible quality of data. Means of deflection measurements on the level of road network include the use of Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD), which is the most modern diagnostic device for pavement bearing capacity testing. However, quality of data obtained from this device should be maintained by introducing adequate control procedures. The article presents one of the most commonly used methods of TSD measurement quality control and the related problem of evaluation of control results due to changes in asphalt pavement temperature and excessive pavement roughness. The performed data analysis has shown that the average temperature difference between routine measurement and control measurement greater than 10°C may cause significant differences in the results. The analysis also indicated that comparisons of surface curvature index SCI 300 at the stage of measurement provider's own control entail lesser error than comparisons of maximum deflections D 0. Pavement roughness that negatively affected the results of control was also evaluated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 2022 13:34:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971090</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on the influence of pavement unevenness on heavy vehicles' axle loads variations with the use of TSD deflectometer</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971088</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents the results of research on the relation between the technical condition of the pavement, expressed by the International Roughness Index, and heavy vehicles' axle loads variations. To this end, Traffic Speed Deflectometer has been used, which records such parameters as a longitudinal profile of the pavement, and the measurement axle loads. Based on the data collected during routine measurements, sections representative for the study have been selected, and the selected data has been subjected to statistical analyses. Both the results of the evenness measurements and the associated axle loads of the vehicle have been taken into consideration. The problem of longitudinal evenness was discussed in the context of the pavement condition assessment, and the degree of correlation of the IRI index with the recorded axle loads of the measuring vehicle was determined. A quantitative evaluation of the impact of unevenness on the vehicles axle loads was determined, supplemented with an analysis of asphalt pavement durability changes based on the obtained data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 2022 13:34:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971088</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Durability of paving concrete produced in a laboratory setting and obtained in field at expressway construction site</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971089</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article describes an experimental study of the properties of concrete designed for the construction of the bottom layer of two-layered road pavement with the exposed aggregate surface. Two types of materials were studied: industrially-produced concrete placed on a highway trial section using slip form technology and concrete produced in a laboratory setting, containing CEM II/A-V and CEM II/A-S Portland cement. The tested mixes contained granite or limestone coarse aggregate. The following basic performance properties were studied: compressive strength and split tensile strength, air void characteristics, freeze-thaw resistance, water absorption rate and chloride penetration. The mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance results obtained on the laboratory specimens were similar to those obtained on the cores drilled from the pavement. Despite the observed changes in the air void system parameters, mineral admixtures to Portland cements did not reduce the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. The compressive strength was higher by up to 19% and sorptivity decreased by up to 22% in concrete containing cement with mineral admixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 2022 13:34:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971089</guid>
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