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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Countermeasures of Low-frequency and Aerodynamic Noise Emitted from Shinkansen Trains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709152</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When Shinkansen vehicles run in open sections at high-speed, bogie sections emit low-frequency noise and audible noise. For Shinkansen trains to be able to run at higher speeds, it is essential to reduce this aerodynamic noise. To understand the mechanisms generating low-frequency and audible noises, we conducted both field tests and low-noise wind tunnel tests. This paper describes a wind tunnel test method and investigates countermeasures against low-frequency and audible noises.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709152</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Development of a Tri-axial Magneto-optical Probe for Measuring Magnetic Fields in the Low-frequency Bands</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709150</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When measuring low-frequency magnetic fields related to rolling stock, multiple sensors are needed. Therefore, we have developed a system that uses a tri-axial magneto-optical probe for this purpose. This probe is capable of wideband measurement, meaning only one device is required. A mechanism incorporating optical elements was constructed to detect magnetic fields at a 90-degree angle to those detected by conventional single-axial magneto-optical probes. These were then combined to create a tri-axial probe. Performance verification tests confirmed that the use of a low-noise laser significantly improves noise characteristics in the frequency range below 100 Hz.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709150</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Implementation and Verification of a Model for Predicting Train Congestion Levels during Disruptions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709151</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Service disruptions significantly alter train congestion patterns, reducing the usefulness of standard real-time congestion information for passenger decision-making. To address this issue, this study proposes a model for predicting train congestion levels during disruptions. The model was evaluated using actual disruption data and achieved approximately 75% accuracy. The results indicate that features such as headway and congestion levels of the same train at one to three stations prior to the prediction target station are effective for congestion prediction during disruptions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709151</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of an Inspection Support System Using Tunnel Wall Images</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709149</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We developed two systems to improve the efficiency of tunnel inspections. In railway tunnel maintenance, periodic inspections are mandatory. Structural conditions are currently evaluated through visual and hammering inspections. However, these inspections are time-consuming because inspectors must compare paper-based reference documents with the tunnel surfaces under poor lighting conditions. To address these challenges, we first developed an AI-based damage detection and soundness assessment application that automatically identifies surface defects and repair marks in tunnel images and evaluates overall tunnel soundness. Secondly, we developed a mobile projection system that uses red mesh overlays to visualize AI-detected defects on the tunnel lining and indicate critical areas. This paper presents these systems and reports on field validation results demonstrating their effectiveness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709149</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Baseplate with Elastic Support Structure for Rigid Crossings in Direct Fixation Turnout with Composite Sleepers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709148</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Turnouts fixed directly to composite sleepers for the shinkansen have large dents on the nose rails, compared to those of ballasted turnouts. To solve this issue, focusing on the dynamic load difference under different support conditions, the authors developed the new baseplate for rigid crossings with elastic support. The developed baseplate can make the depth of dents on nose rails of turnout fixed directly to composite sleepers equal to that of a ballasted turnout. In addition, it is compatible and replaceable with conventional baseplates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709148</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Estimation of Wheel/Rail Contact Conditions Based on State Space Model Using Data Acquired from Instrumented Wheelset</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a practical method for estimating wheel/rail contact conditions using measurement data from an instrumented wheelset. The aim is to enhance the accuracy of running safety evaluations without significantly increasing measurement costs. This method estimates contact conditions, such as wheelset angle of attack, contact position, and friction coefficient by employing state-space theory and a Kalman filter-based state estimator. Vehicle dynamics simulations demonstrate that the proposed method reliably estimates contact conditions in curved track sections with radii under 600 m. Running test data validated the feasibility of the method and showed that the method provides an efficient solution for estimating contact conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709147</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Validation of Natural Frequency Identification Method for Individual Bridges and Viaducts, Excluding the Effects of Adjacent Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709146</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The natural frequency of railway bridges and viaduct groups is used as an integrity assessment index for substructures. However, this may include the effects of vibrations of adjacent structures, and there is a possibility that the vibration characteristics cannot always be evaluated clearly. From this reason, the authors theoretically derived a method for identifying the natural frequency of individual bridges and viaducts, using the natural frequency and natural mode of the entire structure evaluated by microtremor observation. In this paper, we verified the applicability of the proposed method to railway bridges and viaducts by conducting a 3D dynamic analysis based on real structures and measurements. The result showed that the natural frequency of the substructure could be identified with an error of about 10%. Therefore, by identifying the natural frequency of the substructure using the proposed method, it is possible to improve the integrity assessment of structures after an earthquake.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709146</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fundamental Study on Crack Detection Method for Prestressed Concrete Sleepers Using Deep Learning Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709145</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prestressed concrete sleepers are an important component of railway tracks, contributing to the speed and safety of train operations. Cracks appearing in the longitudinal direction of some prestressed concrete sleepers in recent years due to alkali-silica reactions have raised concerns about the efficiency of their maintenance. Therefore, this study proposes the use of a deep learning model to estimate the position and length of cracks on top surface images of prestressed concrete sleepers, as captured by a camera mounted on a maintenance vehicle. The applicability test confirmed that the method can accurately estimate the position and length of cracks in prestressed concrete sleepers, while minimizing the likelihood of false detection of ballast and fastening devices. In addition, it was demonstrated that this method can be employed to identify areas with a high concentration of cracks and analyze crack patterns on commercial lines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:54:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709145</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Method for Diagnosing Deterioration of Wayside Equipment using Forward-facing Train Images</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709144</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Wayside equipment is installed both within stations and at different locations between them, making inspection and management labor-intensive. With the decline in maintenance staff, improving efficiency in equipment management has become essential. To address this issue, we developed a system that enables remote monitoring of trackside equipment using forward-facing train images captured by an onboard camera. The system estimates kilometrage, automatically detects equipment, and estimates deterioration of signalling equipment boxes. This paper presents the system overview, accuracy evaluation, and prospects for long-term deterioration monitoring.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 14:55:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709144</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Analysis of Mechanism of Steady State Caused by Extreme Earthquakes and Development of an Effective Stress Analysis Method for Sandy Soil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709143</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When designing railway structures to withstand extreme earthquake motion, it is necessary to evaluate the response of the ground using effective stress analysis. It is known that the “steady state” occurs during large soil deformation. In this steady state, shear strain increases while stress remains constant. Few studies to date have examined the steady state mechanism under actual ground conditions. This study examines the behavior of sandy soil under large deformation conditions using elemental tests with Toyoura sand. An effective stress analysis method which can reproduce the steady state behavior is then proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 14:55:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709143</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Engine Condition Diagnosis Using Oil Condition Monitoring System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709142</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors developed an on-board lubricating oil condition monitoring system for diesel-powered vehicles. This system consists of an oil analyzer and a date logger capable of communicating with an external terminal via Wi-Fi. The performance of the system was evaluated using a bench test which artificially simulates internal engine wear and an on-track test using a commercial vehicle. The results showed that the monitoring system operated normally and could detect an increase in iron powder concentration in the engine oil.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 14:55:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709142</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Cytotoxicity Threshold Induced by Thermal Effects of Millimeter-wave Electromagnetic Fields</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709141</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent advances in information processing technology have improved wireless data communication across various areas, including railway systems. This study investigated the health effects of 60 GHz millimeter-wave electromagnetic fields (MMW-EMFs), which are used in next-generation communication technology, on the human body. We conducted experiments using three-dimensional tissue models constructed from normal human cells. The threshold for cell damage was between 180-250 mW/cm² with 6-minute exposure under standard conditions. This duration is the evaluation time for current regulatory compliance. Under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions (42.5°C, 80% humidity), the threshold decreased to between 130-150 mW/cm². This mechanism is attributed to thermal factors, and it was found that cell surface temperatures exceeding 50°C can be a condition that causes damage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 14:55:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709141</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation for Running Safety of Railway Vehicles against Localized Strong Winds</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675875</link>
      <description><![CDATA[High-rise buildings can create localized strong winds, a phenomenon known as “building-induced winds.” However, safety assessment methods for trains running in the vicinity of such winds have not yet been established. Therefore, this study proposes a method to evaluate the running safety of vehicles against overturning by localized strong winds. Specifically, wind tunnel experiments, computational fluid dynamics analyses, and vehicle dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of localized strong wind caused by buildings on the behavior of railway vehicles. The results showed that when the rise time of the aerodynamic force acting on the vehicle is less than approximately 2 seconds, the ratio of wheel load reduction increases compared to static analysis conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:38:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675875</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identifying Sources of Unpleasant Odors in Men's Railway Station Restrooms and Verifying Effectiveness of Countermeasures to Reduce Those Odors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675874</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Unpleasant odors in restrooms in railway stations and on trains are one of the objects of many complaints from railway customers. Therefore, countermeasures to reduce these unpleasant odors are required. In railway station restrooms, we are investigating the sources of ammonia, one of the main compounds responsible for unpleasant odors in public restrooms. To conduct this investigation, we developed a prototype of a portable, highly sensitive ammonia measuring instrument. We used this instrument to search for sources of ammonia in men's railway station restrooms and conﬁrmed the difference in concentration of ammonia depending on cleaning methods and seasons. In addition, we verified the effectiveness of countermeasures implemented by cleaning companies to reduce unpleasant odors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:38:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675874</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Applicable Conditions for Polyurea Resin Spraying Method for Water Leakage and Uneven Tunnel Lining Surfaces</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675873</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Falling pieces of tunnel lining hitting a train could cause an accident. Regular tunnel maintenance to prevent this is therefore essential. Repairs are planned and carried out in areas where there is a potential risk of spalling. A method called the “polyurea resin spraying method,” has been developed to prevent spalling by spraying tunnel linings with polyurea resin. This paper presents the results of a study carried out to extend the applicability of this method and some application examples: the effect of surface moisture during application on the adhesion strength of the resin, long-term durability in the presence of leaking water, adhesion strength of the resin on an uneven surface, and results of its application in a real tunnel.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:38:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675873</guid>
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