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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>FROM INTERPRETATION TO IMAGE ANALYSIS--A TRANSITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189657</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Air photo interpretation has been a valuable tool to the civil engineer for many decades. The introduction of satellite imagery has enhanced the ability of the interpreter to define the pattern and composition of the earth's surface. The paper briefly presents several examples in some of which the satellite imagery was used in conjunction with aerial photographs and others in which the satellite imagery alone was used. A variety of devices are used for image analysis, not all of which are of general use to the intepreter. Some of these devices are available through remote sensing centres established by the provincial governments. The quality of service provided at these centres varies and in most cases, the intepretive and analytic devices are limited. Methods of obtaining satellite imagery are summarized and problems in delivery discussed. The authors express the opinion that improvemnt of remote sensing centre facilities and services is justified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189657</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COMPUTER-ASSISTED PHOTO INTERPRETATION FOR TERRAIN ANALYSIS OF LANDFORMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189658</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new program has been initiated at USAETL to pursue computer-assisted photo interpretation research (CAPIR). In the CAPIR laboratory, terrain analysts view high resolution stereo photogrpahy that is interfaced directly to a minicomputer-based geographic information system (GIS). The development of new or improved techniques for terrain analysis represent a major goal of the CAPIR program. This paper will describe an application of CAPIR techniques to landform and drainage mapping. The CAPIR laboratory employs the Analytical Photogrammetric Processing System (APPS-IV) as a computer-interfaced stereoscope. The terrain analyst uses the APPS-IV as a stereo work station with this software support for real-time encoding of point, linear, and areal features as labelled ground coordinates in digital GIS. The APPS-IV is a medium-accuracy (RMS errors of less than 10 micrometers) analystical plotter produced by Autometric, Inc. The stereoscopic viewing is with customized high resolution optics over a magnification range of 3X to 18X. Graphic superposition provides a real-time electronic "grease-pencil" display of spatial data for direct viewing by the terrain analyst in the stereomodel. The immediate benefits of the CAPIR are the improved point positioning and mensuration, direct capture and maintenance of digital cartographic data files, improved access to data base materials, and on-line graphic displays resulting in a more efficient data extraction process. This paper documents the computer-assisted photo interpretation process for terrain analysts to apply to landform and drainage mapping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189658</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THERMAL SENSING FOR SUBSURFACE SOIL MOISTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189659</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper demonstrates that diurnal thermal sensing is a means of quantifying moisture levels in a subsurface layer of soil of similar textural properties. This is possible even when the soil surface is covered by a uniform plant growth. Basic thermal properties and behaviour of soils is reviewed in the first part of the paper, while the second part presents experimental results. The experimental work an thermal properties and behaviour of soil was conducted at close range using experimental plots and thermal vision camera, as well as conducting an aerial thermal survey over a forest tree nursery.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189659</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF AIRBORNE AND SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189660</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes experiences in developing remote sensing applications. The projects discussed data back to the 1940s. Remote sensing case history examples begin with searches for sand and gravel construction materials, and with the location and mapping of dense concentrations of boulders and frost-shattered rock. Studies involving the selection of different types of engineering sites and routes, and with terrain mapping along them, are discussed next. An example of surficial geology and lineament mapping for oil and gas prospecting is followed by one carried out for base metal exploration. Slides of airphotos interpreted for groundwater location and development, and others illustrating shoreline erosion and bank stability mapping around recreational lakes and man-made reservoirs are presented. The next slide shows one facet of a study showing historical (50-year) changes in erosion and sedimentation affecting wildlife habitat at a large modern delta in northern Canada. My final series of slides present examples of terrain data base mapping and eight derived land suitability maps for use in guiding reginal planning and resource management. Each of the case history examples is illustrated by a slide showing a portion of an interpreted black and white panchromatic airphoto, an airphoto mosaic, or a LANDSAT data product.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189660</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS FOR THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS REGARDING BURIED GRAVEL AND WATER RESOURCES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189661</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State-of-the-art reports were prepared on the following topics: (1) The detection and evaluation of buried sand and gravel deposits; and (2) The detection and mapping of water resource parameters. These studies placed emphasis on identifying and evaluating remote sensing systems/techniques which are presently operational or have the immediate potential to be operational after sufficient field testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189661</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SMART SENSORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189662</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Microcomputer-organized engine controls for passenger cars are now an established fact. The sensors for these controls are still rather crude, and will be challenged during the 1980's by more advanced designs incorporating sophisticated electronics. The author describes the advantages for the control system, and for the sensor itself, which can be realized when a sensor is "smart" -- designed from its inception to incorporate a dedicated real-time microcomputer. The increasing availability and use of such smart sensors is predicted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189662</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SENSOR AND ACTUATOR REQUIREMENTS FOR HEAVY DUTY DIESELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189663</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The current trend from hydromechanical to computer based engine controls is creating the need for high production volume, low cost, electronic sensors and actuators. These components must match the reliability and durability of the engine to which they are mounted. This paper outlines the heavy duty diesel engine environment and uses the development of a throttle position sensor as an example of the unique specifications required for some components.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189663</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NONINTRUSIVE ACOUSTIC SYSTEM FOR THE DYNAMIC TIMING OF DIESEL ENGINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189664</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vibration signals from diesel engines were analyzed for the purpose of isolating signals relating to injection or combustion which could be used to time the engines. Nonintrusive sensors, magnetically attached to the engine, were used to obtain these vibration signals. Components believed to be associated with combustion or fuel injection were electronically isolated from the remaining engine noise, and subsequently processed to produce specific timing signals. Digital data acquisition and averaging methods were used, coupled with computerized frequency analysis. The signals were experimentally correlated with the combustion process over a wide range of injection timing. The electronic processing system developed provides a real time digital measure of the timing. Data on the accuracy and correlation of experimental measurements will be presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189664</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A NEW LOAD SENSOR FOR TRUCK SELF WEIGHING SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189665</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The need to measure axle loads, payload and gross load of commercial vehicles is shown to have led to the development of the technique of indirect measurement of load by siting strain sensors on the load bearing components of trucks. The specification for a suitable sensor is offered and some of the different types of sensor that have attempted to meet it are examined. An evolutionary design route is traced for a new type of sensor which is low cost, easy to apply and comes close to the specification. The sensor is described together with its protective housing and tooling system which is an important part of the assembly. Finally the likely direction that future market needs will take the development of the sensor and its built in electronics is reviewed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189665</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMOTIVE THICK FILM TEMPERATURE SENSORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189666</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A fast response, thick film nickel temperature sensing element has been developed for use with automotive electronic systems. The same basic sensing element can be custom designed and packaged for sensing engine inlet air temperature, engine coolant temperature, engine oil temperature, and others. Different physical designs can be adapted to a given application taking into account such factors as accuracy, response time, mechanical shock, chemical effects, and durability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189666</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN ADVANCED ELECTROTHERMAL SENSOR FOR AUTOMOTIVE LEVEL MEASUREMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189667</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a fuel level sensor, which basically consists of thin-film resistors encapsulated in Kapton foils. The thin-film elements are heated by constant current pulses and the immersed part is cooled by the liquid to be measured. This results in a change in resistance which can be detected by various types of evaluation circuitry discussed in the paper. This electrothermal principle has a number of advantages compared to conventional methods: (1) long life due to absence of mechanical moving parts or contacts; (2) high media compatibility including ethanol or methanol containing fuels; (3) high resolution in the "empty region"; and (4) easy shaping of output characteristics with unusual tank shapes. A status report on development progress is given including test results with first prototypes and a discussion of the achieved errorband.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189667</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIGH RELIABILITY ABSOLUTE SEMICONDUCTOR PRESSURE SENSOR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189668</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes an absolute semiconductor pressure sensor suitable for the engine control systems in automobiles. Using the passive (electrically nonconnected) side of a sensor chip as the pressure interface, it has good pressure media compatibility. But it requires a pedestal with a pressure inlet hole and a larger contact area for good sealed, vacuum reference, since the larger contact area causes a larger temperature shift of the offset voltage due to thermal stress. We have analyzed the thermal stress by the finite element method and have designed a lower, tubular pedestal with a groove which has isolated the sensor chip from the thermal stress more effectively. As a result, the sensor chip has been assembled in a standard TO-5 package and a temperature shift of the offset voltage within plus or minus 1% error of FS (Full Scale) without temperature compensation in the temperature range of minus 30 deg C to 100 deg C has been realized.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189668</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXHAUST GAS OXYGEN SENSORS BASED ON TI02 FILMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189669</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the properties of EGO sensors based on thick Ti02 films. These devices are fabricated by depositing a Ti02 film on an insulating or conducting substrate. In addition to being inherently inexpensive, planar techniques provide flexibility in the fabrication of multicomponent structures incorporating temperature compensation and heating elements. Furthermore, Ti02 film sensors are found to possess faster transient response than available Zr02 and ceramic Ti02 sensors. Results of engine studies of the properties of these new Ti02 sensors will be presented and discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189669</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SENSORS IN ACTION FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189670</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the use of sensors in a Quality Assurance System which encompasses the major departments within a Production Facility. Machining, Assembly, Test, and Storage are included. The purpose of the sensors is to create signals which can be converted into useful information for use by the appropriate manager, such as Quality Control, Floor Supervision, and Production Control. The information provides data regarding problems at regular intervals enabling management to maintain control of the system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189670</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF PIEZOELECTRIC BENDERS USED AS KNOCK SENSORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189671</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Resonant piezoelectric benders are analyzed by use of a lumped-parameter equivalent circuit, each mode being described by a frequency of resonance, an equivalent mass, a mechanical resistance and electromechanical coupling. The bandwidth of the sensor can be controlled by controlling the coupling through the dimensions of the bender. Examples of the temperature dependence of the sensitivity, bandwidth, and frequency of peak sensitivity illustrate the effects of different piezoceramic materials, load resistances and electromechanical couplings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189671</guid>
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