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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING--STATE-OF-THE ART</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189375</link>
      <description><![CDATA[From the trends over the last 5-10 years, it is obvious that the production of industrial robots, computer aided design (CAD) systems, and flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) will continue to accelerate, whilst the numerical controlled (NC) machine tools, having already passed their peak, will diminish. The author reviews the achievements of the United States, Japan, France in robotics and "mechatronics" and how the new technologies can be used by automobile manufacturers in achieving their aims of fuel economy, comfort, minimum maintenance and safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE FUTURE USE OF ROBOTS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189376</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The future will see a dramatic increase in the number of robots used in the automotive industry. Well established applications, such as resistance spot welding, will continue to grow in the short term. Longer term, the much wider use of structural adhesives will supplant the spot welding process with robots applying the adhesives. Practical perception systems will enhance robot performance in arc welding, grinding, fettling, seam sealing and assembly operations, leading again to robot growth as vital elements of truly flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). A major robotic impact will be made in automotive paint shops as the need to conserve energy increases. The development of alternative painting materials, offering improved performance will add further impetus. Robotics of the future will progressively move to a CAD/CAM orientated data base, offering off-line programming capability, which together with essential inspection elements, will provide the means for totally automatic manufacture. Major growth can also be expected in handling and assembly tasks. This will range from simple machine loading tasks to complex assembly of components. Final assembly will continue to remain a major challenge, and successful implementation will depend upon a fundamental re-appraisal of current design and manufacturing practices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189376</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>APPLICATIONS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189377</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While Group Technology has been widely used in batch manufacturing, its potential benefits in automotive manufacturing are not yet well understood. This paper shows how Group Technology can be used to link databases, standardize designs, manage design changes, standardize purchased parts procurement, and to provide important feedback between manufacturing and design operations. The paper demonstrates that Group Technology can contribute to cost reduction and increased manufacturing efficiencies in automotive environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189377</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAE AT IVECO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189378</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes in general terms the present situation, considering specifically the CAE applications in the fields of design, drafting and testing; many examples of structure and dynamic performance optimizations are also examined. A particular emphasis has been given to the subject of the general coordination of the CAE process and its build-up inside the operative lines of the Engineering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189378</guid>
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      <title>THE MEASUREMENT OF BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION UNDER REAL TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND THE APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS FOR ENGINE OPTIMIZATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189379</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Investigations on test benches, particularly under transient conditions, have one disadvantage. Some important influences on engine operation such as road gradients, dynamic forces or road bumps are not taken into consideration. In order to do away with this drawback, a new procedure to determine the brake specific fuel consumption under real traffic conditions has been developed. By means of suitable transducers, the road speed, the torque, the engine speed, the coolant temperature and the actual fuel consumption are measured and recorded on a pulse-code-modulated-magnetic storage (PCM). After the test drives, the recorded data are computer evaluated. The software allows the evaluation of a speed-torque versus time density matrix as well as classification of the transient engine operation parameters and the categorization of the results into different ranges of engine operation temperature. Examples are given to demonstrate the application of this new data acquistion and evaluation procedure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189379</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COMPUTER AIDED VIBRATION MEASUREMENT AND DISPLAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The computer aided method is quite different from modal analysis, because it shows the actual vibrations during vehicle operation. Up to approx. 200 accelerometer signals from a car which is operated on a dynamometer are recorded in groups of 11 together with rpm-pulses and a reference phase signal on analog tape. Each signal is then analyzed by order-tracking and fed into a computer which converts it to complex displacements versus rpm. This data enables different plots and animated vibration displays of a car model. A special hardware shall be built to reduce the processing time and to enable an on-line animated display of the vibrating vehicle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189380</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ACQUIRING AND ANALYSING IN-CYLINDER PRESSURE DATA USING A MINI-COMPUTER BASED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In cylinder pressure data can be used to assess many aspects of an engine's performance and, at first sight, it is comparatively easy to obtain. All that should be required is an in-cylinder pressure transducer and suitable data acquisition and processing systems and then it should be possible to deduce such variables as friction, indicated cycle efficiency and heat release to name a few. This paper describes BL Technology's experiences in the application of techniques which are intended to deduce these variables. The techniques applied have been investigated and used by many organisations with varying degrees of success, and the difficulties in obtaining good data for subsequent analysis have been found to be extreme. Possible causes of problems are discussed, without necessarily offering definitive solutions, and experimental data is presented to reinforce the discussion. The data acquisition systems, which are proprietry units, and analysis techniques for the deduction of engine friction and fuel burn rates are described. Data is presented to show the current situation with regard to obtaining reliable, credible results, and the influence of variables on these results is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189381</guid>
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      <title>MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The subject of this paper is a computer system to measure and evaluate cylinder pressures of internal combustion engines. Measurements taken with a high speed data acquisition system; a network consisting of a host and three process computers (DEC PDP-11) with microprogrammed I/O-peripherals. This system is able to sample 30 million data values with a maximum speed of 576000 values per second continuously. Data acquisition and quick look calculations can be performed on one or up to three process computers in parallel. Final evaluation data are transferred via the host computer to main frames (CDC CYBER). In addition to some standard programs for data analysis in the time and frequency domain there is a special program package implemented to evaluate cylinder pressure data in more detail, i. e. to calculate internal characteristics. Because of sampling data of different cylinders, simultaneous and continuous evaluations can be done cycle by cycle or for a period of some hundred cycles for any cylinder in respect to any other cylinder as well as for different transducers in the same cylinder.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A TEST RIG FOR THE CONTROL AND COMPLEX TESTING OF SPRINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents a versatile, automatically controlled rig that allows quality control during the production process and also reliability testing of springs. The rig enables the user to program the loading history in relation to the desired level of simulation of the loading conditions in service.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189383</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TECHNIQUES FOR AUTOMATED PERFORMANCE TESTING OF SHOCK ABSORBERS AND MACPHERSON STRUTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189384</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the design and quality of the modern automotive suspension system have become increasingly important, emphasis on performance testing of shock absorbers and MacPherson struts for product development and manufacturing quality assurance has also increased. Automated servo hydraulic performance testing of shock absorbers results in many benefits including improved accuracy and decrease the ability to store test data, recognize trends and communicate results. This results not only in increased manufacturing efficiency but also in increased product performance efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189384</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COMPUTER AIDED EXPERIMENT SYSTEM FOR ENGINE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189385</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the past, several kinds of minicomputer stand alone systems had been used in automotive engine laboratories at the Toyota Engine Engineering Department. The capacity of these minicomputer systems was limited in many aspects and it was difficult to change the application programs flexibly. With this in mind, a large scale computer aided experiment system has been developed at Toyota. This system consists of a large scale host computer connected to several minicomputers by optical fiber cables, which can support about 40 test cells scattered through several buildings at one time. Further, it can control engines and dynamometers as well as acquire and process experimental data. The advantages of this system are as follows: (1) Flexibility for program changes even while the system is in operation; (2) Effective handling of data and programs by concentrating them in the host computer; and (3) System expansion ability. This system is currently being applied to all types of engine experiments and contributes to time saving during engine development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189385</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIMULATION OF DRIVING CYCLES ON ENGINE TEST STANDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189386</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In an era of restricted energy resources and increasingly stringent automotive emission standards a powerful tool for the engine developer becomes indispensible. It is not sufficient to examine fuel consumption and emission limits in a steady state test. It becomes more and more important to check it in a dynamic test during all development phases of the engine. For this purpose a program system was developed in the VW R & D division. It manages the automatic performance of any dynamic driving cycle on the engine test stand, simulating the real condition of a roller test stand or the road. The dynamic behavior of the car is simulated by a model and the driver by a complex controller. Connecting the real engine on the test stand to the computer simulated car and driver in a closed controller loop the whole system reacts exactly like a car on the road and the automatic driver tracks any driving cycle. Data acquisition and calculations are done simultaneously by the computer. The results are presented in numerical and graphic forms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189386</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF A NEW STRAIN-LIMIT STRENGTH THEORY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189387</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper deals with the strength of metals; it describes a procedure for constructing a new strength theory using the equations for strain at a point. More specifically, it uses the normal strains intermediate to the principal strains. The procedure for identifying the two orthogonal normal strain equations from the non-denumerable set at a material point is demonstrated for plane stress conditions. And these equations are used to determine the strength of a metal by identifying the maximum load for which the condition of strain coincides with a predetermined and maximum value. In theory, this limit event may be arbitrarily chosen; as the strain corresponding to the proportional limit stress and smaller, or by the larger strain values associated with the plastic flow of metals. However, this report is restricted to an examination of the first case cited. This is done by transforming the strain equations to stress criteria by introducing Hooke's law. These equations are used to test the strain-limit strength theory by: (a) constructing two yield criteria, and (b) demonstrating two practical applications of the theory. The yield criteria are reduceable to the form of the Tresca and von Mises yield conditions. The new uses for the theory are: a test procedure for constructing an interaction diagram for combined elastic stresses, and as a theoretical description for two photoelastic experiments. Additional support for the strain-limit strength theory is contributed by a procedure for extrapolating the interaction diagram to a yield criterion. When a yield criterion is determined by this method, fewer test specimens are required.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189387</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRONIC VISION AS INPUT TO CALCULATED-VARIABLE CONTROL OF THE HYDRAULIC BULGE TEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A recently developed hydraulic bulge test system that incorporates several innovative techniques is described. The system utilizes a video camera to observe the change in shape of a square etched onto the test specimen. The principal strains in the bulging specimen and their orientation are determined from the video data. The stress state is determined from measurements of bulge pressure and local radius of curvature. A computer is incorporated into the system to provide closed loop control of a calculated strain variable. Data analysis is enhanced through interactive graphics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189389</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROGRAMMING SYSTEM FOR CRANKSHAFTS DESIGN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the paper a programming system is presented which gives the possibility to do the calculi for the checking and designing of the combustion engine crankshafts. Complex models are used which enable the study of the dynamic stresses, longitudinal and torsional vibrations by using the hypothesis of the deformed and unfixed bearings. The elasticity of the crankshafts is taken into account when calculating the strength in the bearing, enabling the removement of the undetermineds that appeared. The method of the finite element is used to establish the concentration of the stresses used for the safety calculus. The programming system is accessible, it offers efficient pieces of information in designing of crankshafts and it is able to give best solutions in a certain context.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189390</guid>
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